Sultanate of Hobyo ( Somal. Saldanadda Hobyo , Arabic. سلطنة هوبيو ) - a state that existed on the Somali Peninsula from the second half of the XIX century to the first quarter of the XX century.
| Historical state | |
| Sultanate of Hobyo | |
|---|---|
| Somal. Saldanadda hobyo Arab. سلطنة هوبيو | |
 | |
 →1878 - 1925 | |
| Capital | Hobio |
| Languages) | Somali language |
| Religion | Islam |
In the 1860s, Yusuf Ali Kenadid attempted to take power in the Majirtin Sultanate from his cousin Bokor Osman Mahamuud . After five years of struggle, Kenadid was forced to flee to the Arabian Peninsula, but ten years later he returned with a detachment of mercenaries, and overthrowing the power of the Javier clan, created the Hobyo Sultanate on the clan lands. In 1888, Kenadid signed a protectorate agreement with Italy, which protected him from the invasions of other European powers, and allowed him to concentrate on the fight against the Sultanate of Majirtin, as well as against the Sultan of Zanzibar (because of the coastal region of Warsaw).
Relations between Canadid and Italy worsened in the 1920s, when the Sultan refused to satisfy Italy’s demand to allow British troops to land in the Sultanate to attack the Dervish State . In 1923, a new governor, Cesare Maria De Vecchi, arrived in Italian Somalia . At that time, Italy directly controlled only the coastal region of Benadir , and De Vecchi decided to expand the Italian colonial empire. To this end, he turned the colonial police into an army, and sent an intelligence mission to the territory of the Sultanates in 1924 (despite the existence of treaties, Italians had little information about the geography of formally subject lands). Since the sultanates refused to disarm, in October 1925, Italian troops invaded Hobyo and captured it within a month, but in November one of the sultan commanders - Omar Samatar - gathered additional troops and invaded the territory of the sultanate, which led to a large-scale popular uprising. The Italians were expelled, Omar Samatar became a national hero and the uprising spread beyond the borders of the Sultanate.
To turn the tide, Italian colonial troops from Eritrea were sent to Somalia, who reported directly to Rome (De Vecchi lost the confidence of the capital). Even options for the restoration of Kenadid (taken by the Italians to Mogadishu ) on the throne were even considered. However, De Vecchi, using the classic “divide and conquer” tactics, managed to split the rebel clans, and in December 1925 the Italian troops pulled out Omar Samatar to clear Hobyo and go to Western Somalia. Hobio has transformed from a sultanate into an administrative region.