| Dusseldorf Oberkassel [1] | |
|---|---|
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| Center Height : | 40.0 m above sea level |
| Surface area : | 3.87 km² |
| Number of inhabitants: | 17 613 people (as of December 31, 2010) |
| Population density : | 4,551 people on km² |
| Dusseldorf District: | IV |
| District number in Dusseldorf: | 41 |
| Entry into the city: | April 1, 1909 |
Oberkassel ( German Oberkassel ) is an administrative district in the city of Dusseldorf ( Germany , the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia ). Located in the left bank of the city. The district is part of the 4th administrative district of Düsseldorf.
Oberkassel lies in the southern part of the peninsula formed by the bend of the Rhine . In the south-west, Oberkassel borders with the Heerdt region, in the north-west with the Lörik region, in the north with the Niederkassel region. On the southern and eastern sides, the river Rhine is the natural border of Oberkassel. The Reinkni Bridge connects Oberkassel with the Unterbilk and Karlstadt districts, and the Oberkassel Bridge connects with the old city .
Oberkassel is a prestigious and expensive district of Dusseldorf. Apartments in Oberkassel, especially those with windows overlooking the Rhine embankment , are some of the most expensive in the city.
The central street of Oberkassel is Lugallea ( de: Luegallee ). The embankments of the Kaiser -Wilhelm-Ring ( German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring ) and the Rhine Alley ( German Rheinallee ) are separated from the Rhine by a wide strip of meadows , the maximum width of which (in the area of the Reinkni Bridge) reaches 400 m.
Content
History
Settlements on the left bank of the Rhine in the territory of present-day Oberkassel existed already in the 6th - 7th centuries , as evidenced by the early medieval necropolis, discovered during archaeological excavations in 1929 in the area of Hansaallee [2] . The finds from this necropolis were transferred to the collection of the Düsseldorf City Museum ( de: Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf ). The first written mention of Oberkassel dates back to 1218 [3] . Oberkassel was then part of the village of Heerdt, first mentioned in the 9th century . Due to the fact that the Rhine was a natural barrier, Heerdt belonged to the Cologne archbishopric , in contrast to the Rhine Düsseldorf located on the right bank, which was the capital of the county of Berg .
In 1689 , when Oberkassel was already part of the Duchy of Julich Berg , Elector Johann Wilhelm built Fort Dusselburg in Oberkassel to protect Dusseldorf. Since 1699, a ferry service operated between Oberkassel and Dusseldorf.
From 1794 to 1815, Oberkassel belongs to France , and after 1815 - to Prussia , while Oberkassel, like the whole of Heerdt, are part of the city community of Neuss . In 1839, a pontoon bridge was built across the Rhine. In 1854, the Aachen-Düsseldorf-Rurort railway company through Oberkassel paved part of the Mönchengladbach-Düsseldorf railway section. At the same time, the Oberkassel station was final for passenger traffic, and freight trains reached the banks of the Rhine, where goods were loaded onto carts and transported via a pontoon bridge.
In 1895, Heinrich Lug ( de: Heinrich Lueg ), Franz Hanil Jr. ( de: Franz Haniel junior ), August Bagel and Friedrich Fochwinkel founded a consortium whose tasks were to build a permanent bridge across the Rhine and to build a narrow-gauge railway line Düsseldorf - Krefeld ( de: K-Bahn ). The first Oberkassel bridge [4] was built in 1898 by order of the railway company Rheinbahn AG by the construction company Philipp Holzmann & Cie GmbH. It was an arched bridge with a total length of 638 m with two symmetrical spans of 181.25 m each. After that, the value of the land in Oberkassel increased from 30 pfennigs per square meter to 30 marks .
In November of the same year, a tram link between Düsseldorf and Krefeld was opened on the Oberkassel bridge, which led to a construction boom in Oberkassel - on average about 100 apartment buildings were built per year. From 1895 to 1907, the population of Oberkassel grew from 4,400 to 11,400 people.
On April 1, 1909, Oberkassel, together with Niederkassel, Heerdt and Lörik, became part of the city community of Dusseldorf.
Like all other bridges in Düsseldorf, the Oberksssky Bridge was blown up on March 3, 1945 by the Wehrmacht's ousting troops. On the same day, Oberkassel was occupied by American troops, Dusseldorf remained occupied by Wehrmacht troops. For 7 weeks, mutual artillery shelling of Dusseldorf and Oberkassel was carried out, during which about 200 civilians of the area were killed. Due to the fact that Oberkassel was occupied by the Allied forces much earlier than Dusseldorf, the bombing of British aircraft was not carried out there, and therefore the unique buildings of the era of grunding and modernity of the early XX century were almost completely preserved. In 1992, a historical building south of Lugallea was taken under state protection [5] . In total, 326 buildings are under state protection in Oberkassel.
Transport
Through Oberkassel runs the lines U70, U74, U75, U76 and U77 of the Dusseldorf light rail .
Economics
In Oberkassel, the headquarters of the world-famous manufacturer of sanitary fittings Grohe AG is located .
Attractions
- catholic church of St. Anthony
- evangelical church of the Renaissance
- vast meadows on the banks of the Rhine
Notes
- ↑ Information about Oberkassel on the official website of Dusseldorf (German)
- ↑ Frank Siegmund: Merowingerzeit am Niederrhein. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 34. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln 1998, pp. 336–341
- ↑ Th. J. Lacomblet: Archiv für die Geschichte des Niederrheins VI. Köln 1868, § 8. - H. Mosler: Bemerkenswerte Höfe in der alten Gemeinde Heertdt. Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch 48, 1956, pp. 165-192
- ↑ Page of the Oberkassel Bridge (1898) at the International Database and Gallery of Structures
- ↑ Dusseldorf Official Website (German)