The Mir energy system is the combined energy system of the European countries that are members of the CMEA . [one]
In the mid-1950s, unified state energy systems were already formed in the USSR , East Germany and Czechoslovakia , the rest of the CMEA countries had just begun their formation, while the generation of electricity in these countries was mainly carried out by small industrial and communal power plants, combined into many local, unconnected with other electrical networks of individual areas. [2]
In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of power supply systems, reduce the total required power reserve and increase the mutual exchange of electricity between countries, by 1959 the CMEA Permanent Commission on Electricity prepared recommendations for the construction of intersystem power lines, which were approved by the 11th CMEA session. [one]
Already in 1960, the power systems of the GDR , Poland , Czechoslovakia and Hungary were combined with 220 kV intersystem power lines. In 1962, a number of 220 kV transmission lines were put into operation, combining the power systems of the USSR, Hungary and Poland, through which electricity was exported from the USSR. In the same year, in order to ensure reliable parallel operation of the energy systems of Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania, the USSR and Czechoslovakia, the Central Dispatch Office of the Energy System Association in Prague was established . [2]
In 1963, a 220/400 kV intersystem junction transformer substation was built in Mukachevo , connecting the power systems of Hungary, Romania , Czechoslovakia and the Lviv power system of the USSR. [1] Thus, Romania was included in the unified energy system. [2]
In 1965, Bulgaria was included in a single energy system. [2]
In 1973, after the completion of the construction of the 400 kV power line Moldavskaya State District Power Plant - Vulcanesti (USSR) - Dobrudja (Bulgaria), the Bulgarian power system was switched on for parallel operation with the Unified Power System of the USSR , temporarily separated from the Mir power system. [2]
In 1974, the General Agreement was signed on the construction of a 750 kV power line Vinnitsa - Western Ukraine (USSR) - Albertirsha (Hungary), the construction of which was completed in 1978. This line connected the power system Mir and the Unified Power System of the USSR, and already in 1979 they began to work in parallel. [2]
After the collapse of the CMEA , the Mir energy system ceased to function, but its infrastructure was preserved: 11 high-voltage power lines (through Ukraine and Belarus connecting Russia with the countries of eastern and southern Europe) and 3 DC voltage inserts for voltage synchronization, worth $ 150 million each (in Austria and Germany) [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 “World” (power systems) - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . Yu. N. Savenko.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parallel operation of power systems (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 12, 2012. Archived March 4, 2012.
- ↑ Moses Gelman . Will RAO "UES of Russia" be allowed into Europe? // Industrial statements . - T. "Business World", April 16, 1997 .