Prechistenka

The name was given in 1658 after the icon of the Most Holy Mother of God of Smolensk , which was kept in the Novodevichy Convent , where the street led ^[1] .

In the XVI century, the road from the Kremlin to the Novodevichy Convent , founded in 1524 by the Grand Duke Vasily III in memory of the liberation of Smolensk from Polish rule, passed along the highway. Urban development along the street began to take shape in the last third of the 16th century, after the establishment of the oprichnina , in which, according to the order of Ivan the Terrible , Chertolskaya Street was included “from the Semchinsky village to the bosom ...” ^[2] . The new street was a continuation of the previously existing Chertolskaya street , from which it borrowed its original name. It was also called Pokrovskaya , by the gate church of the Protection of the Holy Virgin in the Novodevichy Convent ^[1] . In modern times, took shape at the end of the XVI century, having begun at the Chertol Gate of the White City , and ended at the gate of the same name Skorodoma (Wooden Town).

In the XVII century, most of the right side of the suburban part of Chertolskaya Street was occupied by the courtyards of the Konyushennaya Sloboda, behind which from the middle of the century there was a settlement of the Streletsky order of the head of Afanasy Ivanovich Levshin. By his last name, modern Levshinsky lanes got their names. On the opposite side of the street, near the fortifications of the Earth City, there was a settlement of another archery order, founded in 1633. His first commander was Ivan Alferievich Begichev. In the 1650-1670s, the order was commanded by the father and son of Zubova - Dmitry Ivanovich and Ivan Dmitrievich, whose last name formed the name of the area - "Zubovo", which in turn gave later names to the nearby Zubovsky Boulevard and square. The last commander of the regiment was the stolnik Tikhon Khristoforovich Gundertmark. Under him, dental archers took part in the Azov campaigns of Peter I , and then in the famous Streltsy revolt of 1698 . After its suppression, most of the local archers were executed during the mass shootings. Their neighbors - the former Levish archers under the new commander Mikhail Fedorovich Sukharev, after the end of the Azov campaigns were determined to "eternal life" in Kiev . The settlements of both Streltsy regiments were abolished by imperial decree in 1699 ^[3] .

From the end of the 17th century, Prechistenka began to gradually turn into one of the most popular streets among the Moscow nobility . The names of her eminent homeowners were preserved in the name of the lanes - Vsevolozhsky, Lopukhinsky, Eropkinsky, etc. Up until the 1930s, the vast estates of Khrushchev and Stepanov, laid down even under Catherine II, remained in Prechistenka. However, in the second half of the 19th century, the land passed into merchant hands, and the Morozovs and Konshins appeared on the list of homeowners.

In 1921, Prechistenka was renamed Kropotkinskaya in honor of the Russian revolutionary anarchist Peter Kropotkin , who was born in one of the Prechistensky lanes - in Staff (since Kropotkinskiy since 1921). The historical name of the street was returned on October 25, 1994.

Odd side

• No. 1/2 - the chambers of the XVII century ("White Chambers") - the main house of the estate of Prince Boris Prozorovsky , an object of cultural heritage of federal significance ^[4] . It was rebuilt in two stages in 1685. In 1995 it was restored ^{[5] [6]} . In January 2009, lawyer Stanislav Markelov and journalist Anastasia Baburova were killed on the sidewalk in front of the building.
• No. 5, p. 1 - the house of Princess Saltykova-Golovkina (1st third of the 18th century; 2nd half of the 19th century) ^[7] .
• No. 7 - the city estate of V. A. Vsevolozhsky (end of the 18th century; 1810-1820; 1844; 1867 - alteration of facades) ^[7] . In the 1870s, the building housed the Polytechnic Museum ; in the 1920s - the editorial board of the newspaper "Red Warrior". Vsevolozhsky Lane ^{[8] is} named after the landlord.

• No. 9 - the apartment building of E. A. Kostyakova (1910, architect N. I. Zherikhov ) ^[7] . A pianist and composer A. B. Goldenweiser lived in the house ^[9] .
• No. 11   architectural monument (federal) - the main house of the Lopukhins-Stanitsky city estate (1817-1822, architect A. G. Grigoriev ^[7] ; rebuilt in 1895 by S. U. Solovyov ), since 1920 - the State Museum of L. N. Tolstoy ^[8] . In the courtyard there is a monument to Leo Tolstoy (1913, sculptor S. D. Merkurov , granite), transferred in 1972 from the Maiden Field square ^[4] . In the telephone directory of 1908, F. P. Ryabushinsky's telephone number was indicated at this address. Until 1917, the industrialist and the Moscow mayor M.V. Chelnokov lived in the house ^[10] .
• No. 13/7, p. 1,   TsGFO - tenement house J. A. Rekka (1911-1913, architect G. A. Gelrich ) ^{[4] [7]} . It was reconstructed in 2011 according to the project of the architectural bureau Project-Z (architect Alexander Zelikin). The building has a panoramic elevator, in the underground part - a two-level parking.
• No. 15 - a residential building (Tver branch of Ladies' guardianship of the poor) (1st third of the 18th century; 2nd half of the 19th century) ^[7] .
• No. 17/9 - apartment building (1874, architect A. L. Ober ), based on the chambers of the XVIII century.
• No. 17, 17/10 - the Bibikovs-Davydov estate belonged to police chief N.P. Arkharov , who rebuilt the chambers of the early 18th century in the 1770s in the style of early classicism. Then the estate was owned by General Bibikov and poet D.V. Davydov . After the change of several owners and a series of perestroika, the estate housed the female gymnasium of S. A. Arsenyeva .

• No. 19/11, p. 1 - the house of Prince A. N. Dolgorukov (1780s, architect M. F. Kazakov (presumably); 1847; 1869 ^[7] ), an object of cultural heritage of regional significance ^[4] . The house built in the 1780s burned in 1812 and was rebuilt until 1847. In 1869, the Alexandro-Mariinsky educational institution for noble maidens, owned by General Chertova, appeared here. At the end of 1921, part of the Military Academy of the Red Army moved here. From 1992 to 1997, the Central Television and Radio Broadcasting Studio of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was located . Now here - the museum and exhibition complex of the Russian Academy of Arts Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery .

• No. 21/12,   a monument of architecture (federal) - the house of Count S.P. Potemkin, later - I. A. Morozov (XVIII - early XIX centuries; was rebuilt several times: in 1871 - by the architect P. S. Kampioni ; in 1872 - A. S. Kaminsky ; in the 1890s - M. I. Nikiforov ; in 1904-1906 - L. N. Kekushev ^[7] ). In 1918-1948, the Museum of New Western Art was located here ^[4] . Since 1948, the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Arts (PAX), the Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts of the Russian Academy of Arts and the exhibition halls of the Russian Academy of Arts are located in the manor buildings. In the late 1990s, a complete restoration of the main building of the estate was carried out.

No. 21/12, p. 5 - the estate service building as part of the ensemble of the estate of A. I Morozov.

• No. 23/16/15, p. 1,   architectural monument (newly identified object) - the main house of the city estate of A. I. Tatishchev - A. F. Lopukhin (until 1802; 1813–1822; 1860; 1900–1906) ^[4] .
• No. 25 - apartment building N. A. Ulikh (1911-1912, architect V. A. Rudanovsky ) ^[7]
• No. 27 - the apartment building of A.P. Polovinkin (1910-1911, architect V.K. Kildishev) ^[7]
• No. 29 - apartment building (1910, architect A. A. Ostrogradsky )
• No. 31/16 - the residential building of police officers (1935-1937, architect Z. M. Rosenfeld ) ^{[7] [8] [11]} . Until 1933, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Zubov stood at this place ^[12] .
• No. 33/19, p. 1 - apartment building (1905, architect S. F. Voskresensky )
• No. 33/19, p. 2 - An object of cultural heritage of regional significance ^[13] : an apartment building (1782-1785; 1786; XIX century) by Pavel Ivanovich Golokhvastov - uncle Alexander Herzen ^[14] . The house was settled in 2005 and is still empty. Prior to the cancellation of the city’s investment contract with CJSC Barkley Stroy in 2009 and the recognition of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance in 2011, the house, along with other buildings of the site, was in danger of reconstruction. The building remains the property of the city in the person of the Property Department and was included in the restoration plans for 2013, but work has not begun. In 2014, protection obligations were approved. The condition of the building is characterized as “in emergency places, with traces of leaks in the ceiling and partially unfilled window openings”. Lost the balcony and white stone porch of the XVIII century ^[15] . In January 2017, Moscow put up for sale ^[16] premises with an area of ​​144 m² located on the ground floor of the house. In April 2017, Moscow authorities put up for sale two apartments on the ground floor (repeatedly) and non-residential premises in the basement of the building. Investors should carry out repair and restoration work in the purchased premises and adapt them for modern use. At the same time, architectural solutions at the facility must be preserved. The auction was organized by the Moscow Department of Competition Policy ^[17] .
• No. 35 r - An object of cultural heritage of federal significance the city estate of P. A. Samsonov ^[18] :
• No. 35, p. 1 - The main house of the city estate of P. A. Samsonov. A wooden house with a mezzanine was built in the Empire style in 1813-17 on a stone basement along the red line of the street, decorated with a slender elegant six-column portico of the Corinthian order. It was built on the site of a house built in 1802, burned down in the Moscow fire of 1812 (the basement with basements has been preserved).
• No. 35, p. 2 - east wing of the estate of P. A. Samsonov, built in the years 1813-1816 in the Empire style on the foundations of buildings of the XVIII century. In 1820, the estate was acquired by Petrov Alexandrovich Samsonov, court counselor of the chamber board, who lived in the neighborhood, therefore, all ownership is traditionally called the Samsonovs- (Golubev) estate ^[19] . In 1836-1838, the left stone outbuilding of the estate was built (p. 2), “in the style of the late Empire”, complementing the appearance of the estate ^[20] . Together with the outbuilding, the entrance gates to the estate courtyard gave completeness to the property. Subsequently, all the buildings in the property were remodeled several times, in particular by A.A. Alfonsky, professor at Moscow University (1860s), without changing the Prechistenka red line. The last significant redevelopment of the territory with the installation of apartments was done for the last owners of the von Meckov estate (designed by engineer U. Dravulsky), since the head of the family and a large Russian railway enterprise Nikolai Karlovich von Meck , after the acquisition (according to some sources, in 1911 ^{[ 21]} ) the property located here offices, garages and housing for its employees ^[22] .
  An empty outbuilding was propertyly torn away from historical ownership; together with the neighboring house of Golokhvastov (Prechistenka, 33/19), it was part of the city’s investment contract with the Barkli Stroy company, in this part the contract involved restoration. In 2006-2007, work was carried out on the facades, the foundations and supporting structures of the building were strengthened, which were interrupted after the termination of the investment contract in 2009. The empty building, as remaining in the housing stock, was transferred to the balance of the Department of Housing Policy. In 2014, a security obligation was drawn up. According to March 2015, the monument is managed by the City Property Department. Recognized as emergency ^[22] . In January 2017, Moscow put up for sale premises with an area of ​​118 m² - three apartments located on the first and second floors. Thus, a potential buyer has the opportunity to equip two-level apartments. The auction was organized by the Moscow Department of Competition Policy ^[16] . In March 2017, the Moscow City Department of Competition Policy re-organized tenders for the sale of residential premises on the first and second floor, additionally putting up for sale a separate lot the non-residential premises - the basement of the outbuilding. The assets belong to Moscow and are in the property treasury of the city ^[23] .
• No. 35, p. 4 - Former stables of the estate of P. A. Samsonov, 1911
• No. 35, p. 5 - west wing of the estate of P. A. Samsonov, 1879
• No. 37 - the mansion of M.N. Maksheev-Mosonov (1901, architect A.O. Gunst ).
• No. 39 - Likhutin's apartment building (1st stage (according to Prechistenka) - 1892, architect A. A. Ostrogradsky ; 2nd stage (on Zubovsky Boulevard) - 1913, architect I. S. Kuznetsov ). The poetess and artist Poliksen Solovyova lived in the house ^[24] .

In 1899-1900, M. A. Vrubel rented an apartment in this house, here he worked on his famous paintings " Pan " and "The Swan Princess ". The artist was visited by a composer N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov who came from St. Petersburg. Also in this house in the years 1881-1897 the philosopher V.S. Soloviev visited arrivals.

On the even side

• No. 4 - the house of S.I. Volkonskaya (late XVIII - early XIX centuries; 1817) ^[7]
• No. 6,   a monument of architecture (a newly discovered object) - a pharmacy of A. Forbricher ^[7] ("Prechistenskaya Pharmacy") (1780s; XVIII — XIX centuries). A pharmacy in the building has been located since the 80s of the XVIII century ^[4] . The architect S. V. Barkov lived in the house ^[25] .
• No. 8 - the house of the XVIII century, at the heart of the chamber of the XVII century (documented since 1752 ^[26] ) - an identified object of cultural heritage ^[27] . In 1777, Lieutenant General, a participant in the Seven Years' War and the trial of Pugachev, Yakov Protasov gave the house a U-shaped plan, attaching risalits from the yard. In 1794 the estate passed to Princess S.I. Volkonskaya, then to the merchant S. Milyakov, from the end of the XIX century until 1917 belonged to the Istomins. With them, the main facade of the house received a new look according to the project of the architect K. F. Busse . The structure of the estate was fully preserved until 1997. The main house is empty and vacant, with the exception of the commercial premises on the ground floor. The dilapidated balcony is covered with a net. In 2014, the restoration project of the monument was examined. In July 2017, the facade was repaired as part of the My Street program, although the monument needs full-fledged repair and restoration work ^[26] . In August 2017, the Khamovnichesky District Court of Moscow based on materials sent to the court by the Department of Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow , CenterZhilService-2010 LLC, was liable in the form of an administrative fine in the amount of 400,000 (four hundred thousand) rubles for failure to comply with the order to receive permission to carry out restoration and adaptation of the identified cultural heritage object ^[28] . In May 2018, by a decision of the arbitration court, the claims of the Department of Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow were satisfied. LLC CenterZhilService-2010 is obliged to develop and coordinate with the Department of Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow design documentation for the preservation of the window and its adaptation for modern use, as well as to carry out the conservation of the monument according to the agreed design documentation ^[29] . At the end of May 2018, the Act of State Historical and Cultural Expertise of Scientific and Design Documentation was submitted for public discussion to preserve the OKN, the developer was Kleinevelt Architect LLC .
• No. 10/2, p. 1 - the main house of the city estate of A. T. Rzhevsky - Likhachev - M. Philip (V. A. Obrezkova) (mid XVIII - 1st half of the XIX century; rebuilt in 1890 by the architect N. G. Lazarev ; 1907 ^[7] ), an object of cultural heritage of regional significance ^[4] . In 1839-1842 The manor was owned by the Decembrist M.F. Orlov . Here, in 1885, the landscape painter I. I. Levitan lived, in 1915, the poet B. L. Pasternak . At the end of the 19th century, the house belonged to V. A. Morozova ; in 1897-1908, the Prechistensky working courses were located here ^[30] . In 1942-1948, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee worked in the building ^[31] .
• No. 12/2 pp. 1-7, 10 - the Khrushchev-Seleznev estate (1814-1816, architect A. G. Grigoryev ^[7] ; the winter garden was added in 1881 by architect N. A. Artemovsky ), a cultural heritage site of federal significance ^[4] . Monument to pupils of Moscow special artillery schools, who showed courage and heroism in the Great Patriotic War . In the main house on the corner of Khrushchevsky Lane - Museum of A. S. Pushkin . No. 12/2 p. 10 - Garden Pavilion of the Khrushchev-Seleznev estate.
• No. 12/2/1, p. 8 - school building (1930s, architects M. O. Barshch , G. A. Zundblat) ^[32] .
• No. 12/2 p. 9 - Chambers of the 17th century (No. 3 on Chertolsky Lane)
• No. 14 - Residential building of A.I. Matveeva, built in 1875 (based on the chambers of the 17th century). Architect - A. S. Kaminsky
• No. 16/2, p. 1,   architectural monument (federal) - the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina (1st half of the 18th century; restructuring: 1908-1910, architect A. O. Gunst ; new part (right) - 1932, architects Vesnin brothers ^[7] ) ^{[4 ]} . Before the fire of 1812, there was the house of I.P. Arkharov ; the ashes in 1818 were bought by Ivan Alexandrovich Naryshkin , who built a new building; then the owner was Musin-Pushkin ; later the house was transferred to Princess Gagarina, then to the Princes Trubetskoy, and finally, in 1865, the Trubetskoy estate was acquired in the name of the wife of Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina , millionaire manufacturer Ivan Konshin (in 1867 the estate was rebuilt for the first time). Before the October Revolution, entrepreneur A. I. Putilov owned a mansion. Since 1922, the House of Scientists has been located here.
• No. 20 - the mansion of V. D. Konshin (1st half of the 19th century; 1873 - alteration of facades, architect A. S. Kaminsky ) ^[7] . The hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 A.P. Ermolov lived and lived in this house in 1861; until 1884, the owner was V. D. Konshin , then - V. I. Firsanova , and since 1900 - the businessman-millionaire A. K. Ushkov ^[33] ; in 1921-1922, the building housed the choreographic studio of A. Duncan ; in the same years, the poet S. A. Yesenin lived and worked here. An object of cultural heritage of federal significance. Today, the building houses the office of GlavUpDK at the Russian Foreign Ministry.
• No. 22,   an architectural monument (federal) - the main building of the Prechistenskoye fire station (Moscow fire station), based on the residential building of N. I. Rtishchev, A. P. Ermolov (1764; 1800s; 1817-1820s; 1835-1836, architect M.F. Kazakov (presumably); 1915) ^{[4] [7]} . Here in 1834, A. Herzen was under arrest.
• No. 24 - the profitable house of S. F. Kulagin (1904, architect S. F. Kulagin ) - “ Kalabukhov House ”, the house of Professor Preobrazhensky in the novel “ Heart of a Dog ” by M. A. Bulgakov . As part of the Last Address civil initiative, memorial signs with the names of engineer Joseph Solomonovich Golinker and geneticist Solomon Grigoryevich Levit ^[34] , who were shot during the Stalinist repressions , were installed on the house. The Memorial human rights society database contains the names of 6 residents of this house, who were shot during the years of terror ^[35] . The death toll in the Gulag camps has not been established.
• No. 28,   architectural monument (federal) - the profitable house of I. P. Isakov ( Moscow Trade and Construction Joint-Stock Company ) (1904-1906, architect L. N. Kekushev ^[36] ) ^[4] .
• No. 32/1 - Manor: Stepanov House, Polivanov Grammar School, XVIII — XIX centuries. The manor complex includes the main house (building 1), two outbuildings (buildings 2 and 3) and two service buildings (circumferential conferences, buildings 7 and 8).
• No. 32/1 p. 1 - Okhotnikov’s house , XVIII — XIX centuries, built anew shortly after the fire of 1812 ; the building was rebuilt many times. In 1915-1917, under the owner V. I. Firsanova, the main house was rebuilt according to the project of architect A. I. Tamanyan ^[7] . In 1868-1917 it housed a private male gymnasium of L.I. Polivanov . Here studied V. S. Soloviev , V. Ya. Bryusov (expelled for atheistic ideas from Kreiman’s gymnasium ), Andrey Bely , M. A. Voloshin , Vadim Shershenevich , Sergey Shervinsky , Sergey Efron , Nikolai Poznyakov , chess player Alexander Alekhin , sons F M. Dostoevsky , L. N. Tolstoy , A. N. Plescheev , A. N. Ostrovsky and others.
• No. 32/1 p. 2,3 - western and eastern outbuildings (urban estate of the Stepanovs of the 19th century)
• No. 32/1 p. 7.8 - Circumference ^[37] (service building) (most likely a stable) (city estate of the Stepanovs of the XIX century)
• No. 36, p. 2,   architectural monument (newly identified object) - the residential building of the Naumov-Volkonsky (1833; 1897). Since 1926, the building housed the library named after N.K. Krupskaya ^[4] . Since the late 1960s, the building housed the workshop of the restorer Savva Yamshchikov ^[38] . In 2016, based on the results of the tenders for the preferential program “Ruble per meter”, Technologies of the Future LLC became the lessee. It is listed in the Red Book of Archnadzor (an electronic catalog of Moscow's real estate objects under threat), the nomination is reconstruction. ^[39]
• No. 40/2 - apartment building of L. M. Matveevsky (change of facades, 1913, architect A. O. Gunst ).

• Monument to V.I. Surikov (2003, sculptor M.V. Pereyaslavets, architect A.P. Semenov) ^[40] . Installed in front of house No. 30/2.

Metro Kropotkinskaya ; bus m3, 255; since 2016, instead of a trolleybus 15, the T15 bus runs, on May 13, the bus number is replaced by 15.

Prechistenka is mentioned in the works of A. S. Pushkin , B. L. Pasternak , M. A. Bulgakov .

When Potemkin in the dark
I’ll find in Prechistenka
So let it be with Bulgarin in descendants
I'll be put along

- A.S. Pushkin

“Let: since the social revolution - no need to drown. But I ask: why, when this whole story began, did everyone begin to walk in marble stairs in dirty galoshes and felt boots? Why do galoshes still need to be locked up? And to put a soldier in front of them so that someone would not pull them away? Why was the carpet removed from the front staircase? Does Karl Marx forbid keeping carpets on the stairs? Did Karl Marx say somewhere that the 2nd entrance of the Kalabukhov house on Prechistenka should be clogged with boards and walk around through the backyard? Who needs this? Why can't the proletarian leave his galoshes downstairs, but stain marble? ”

- M. A. Bulgakov, Dog Heart

The world of Prechistenka and Arbat ...

- Boris Pasternak

• Near house number 14, according to the film “ A Guest from the Future, ” a trolleybus shot down Alisa Selezneva , who was crossing Kropotkinskaya Street in pursuit of space pirates.

• Муравьёв В. Б. . Московские улицы. Секреты переименований. — М. : Алгоритм, Эксмо, 2006. — 336 с. — (Народный путеводитель). — ISBN 5-699-17008-1 .
• А. Л. Баталов, Л. А. Беляев. Сакральное пространство средневековой Москвы . — М. : Феория, Дизайн. Информация. Картография, 2010. — 400 с. — ISBN 978-5-4284-0001-4 .
• «От Пречистенских до Арбатских ворот» / А. Крупчанский. Предисловие М. Фрая. — М: Москва, которой нет : путеводитель, 2010. — 319 с. — 2000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-903116-98-0 .
• Москва: Энциклопедия / Глав. ed. С. О. Шмидт ; Сост.: М. И. Андреев, В. М. Карев; Худ. оформление А. В. Акимова, В. И. Шедько. — М. : Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1997. — С. 661—662. — 976 с. — (Библиотека «История Москвы с древнейших времён до наших дней»). - 100,000 copies. — ISBN 5-85270-277-3 .

• Грамота.ру о Пречистенке
• Перечень охраняемых памятников культуры (Москомнаследие) [1] , [2]