Library science

This scientific discipline studies the goals, principles, content, system and forms of public use of print products, as well as the theory, history, methodology , technology, methods and organization of library work ^[1] .

Library science is classified according to the basis of division chosen by the researcher and is divided into general and special, including private.

Library Science Sections

• General library science is a section of library science, the content of which is the general theoretical, historical and organizational problems of library activity, as well as the study of the object and subject of library science, its structure, terminology, place in the system of sciences , relations with related and adjacent scientific disciplines, laws of library activity, its principles and the concepts, methodology and methodology of library research, the history of library thought.
• Special library science explores various specific aspects of library activities.
• Private library science is a complex of sections of library science, the contents of which are teachings about various parts of the library as a system - the library stock, the library catalog , the contingent of library users, the material and technical base of the library, etc.

Goals, Tasks, Functions

• The task of library science is the development of the theory of librarianship, an analysis of its laws as a social phenomenon related to the use of libraries to help the social, economic , and cultural process.
• The purpose of library science is to optimize the social use of information in the form of publications, through librarianship.
• Library Science Functions:

1. Scientific Functions:
   • Cognitive
   • explanatory
   • predictive
   • systematizing
2. Social features:
   • Cultural and educational (expression of the general property of science as an effective factor in the development of all human culture, scientific worldview , public consciousness)
   • Function of the productive force (It is an important condition for the development of librarianship, plays the role of one of the indirect forces of its progress, puts forward and puts into practice new, promising ideas that contribute to improving the efficiency and quality of library services for the population)
   • The function of social power (Library science creates explicit and latent prerequisites for changing society, its culture, and these changes are progressive in nature. The idea of ​​informatization of society plays a huge social role, the primary source of which should be library science)

All of them are connected with the fact that scientific knowledge and methods of library science are used to solve problems arising in the process of public use of information.

Components of Library Science

The components of library science are:

1. Scientific laws
2. Scientific principles
3. Scientific theories
4. Research methods
5. Conceptual apparatus
6. Hypotheses
7. Facts , data of observations and experiments

The origins of library science - the science of librarianship, the essence of which is still debatable, dates back to ancient times. Being a typical scientific phenomenon, library science at the same time is characterized by its own genesis and development. Studying them requires a historical approach that will allow us to trace the emergence and main stages of the formation of library science, the movement of theoretical thought from proposals and conjectures to scientific knowledge, and see promising directions for its development. The history of the development of library science on a global scale has not yet been sufficiently studied. Abroad, this aspect of library science is not in the spotlight. In addition to Russia, in none of the countries of the world has a generalized work devoted to the history of library science been created. The history of Russian library science has been studied quite deeply. A general description of the development of Russian library science formulated as early as the works of A. M. Lovyagin contains:

• in the monograph by E. V. Balobanova “Librarianship” (1901),
• in the textbook of K. I. Abramov, “The History of Librarianship in the USSR ” ( 1980 ),
• in the monograph by A. N. Vaneev “Development of library science in the USSR” (1980),
• in the textbook "The development of library science in Russia in the XI-XVIII centuries" ( 1992 ),
• in the monograph by Yu. V. Grigoriev, “The History of Russian Library Science (1700-1860)” (1989).

In its development, library science is divided into two main stages:

1. Pre-scientific (from the middle of the 2nd millennium BC to the end of the 18th century), designated by the definition of “library thought”
2. Scientific (from the beginning of the XIX century to the present), defined as the formation and development of library science as a science and academic discipline.

According to N. S. Kartashov and V. V. Skvortsov, the history of library science is divided into two stages:

1. The background of library science:
   • Library science of antiquity
   • Library Studies of the Middle Ages
2. The formation and development of library science as a science and academic discipline:
   • The period of the unified world bourgeois library science (XIX century)
   • The period of bifurcation - the division of library science into socialist and bourgeois (XX century)
   • The period of debifurcation is the forecasted period of development of library science as a unified science on the methodological basis of universal values (XXI century)

One of the problematic issues of library science is the definition of the object and subject of library science. From the 19th century development of these definitions began. Until the 70s of the XX century. the object and subject of library science did not differ: The object of library science is librarianship. Only in 1976 it was proposed (A. Ya. Chernyak) to separate the concepts of the object and subject of library science, which was the next step in the self-knowledge of library science. In recent years, due to the widespread use of a systematic approach in science, the library has been talked about as a system object of library science, consisting of a number of interconnected and interdependent elements.

Librarianship is a form of human activity.

The three fundamental building blocks:

1. The subject of labor (publication)
2. The subject of labor (reader, consumer )
3. Labor mediator (librarian)

The library in the system of public relations is an important and integral element of the communicative system “book (information in the form of publication) —bibliotherapist — reader (consumer)”. In this system, the librarian becomes the organizer of the relationship between the book and the reader, which corresponds to the social role of the library as an ideological, cultural, educational, scientific and informational institution. Thus, the object of library science is the communicative system of "book — librarian — reader." The subject is the identification and study of patterns, principles of formation, development, functioning of the library system, the interaction of libraries in various aspects. The subject of library science is the mass-scale phenomenon provided by the librarian, the interaction of readers with information in the form of publications, individual in the form of implementation. In the center of the subject of library science is the interaction of readers with information recorded in the form of publications. The interaction is organized, provided with everything necessary for it to be carried out effectively, by the librarian.

• Library Science // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Balobanova E.V. Librarianship. - 2nd ed. - SPb., 1902. - 38 p.
• Bratanovsky S.N. , Linnik V.V. Legal organization of library management in Russia. - M .: Direct-Media, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-4458-1771-0
• Vasilchenko V.E. Essays on the History of Librarianship in Russia of the 11th — 18th Centuries - M .: Goskultprosvetizdat , 1948 .-- 160 p.
• Library Science / Stolyarov Yu. N. // “Banquet Campaign” 1904 - Big Irgiz [Electronic resource]. - 2005. - S. 462. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004-2017, vol. 3). - ISBN 5-85270-331-1 .