Nicolas Francois Blondel [4] ( fr. Nicolas-François Blondel , June 15, 1618 , Ribmon - January 21, 1686 , Paris ) - French architect, engineer and diplomat, brigadier general . One of the greatest theorists of the classical architecture of the era of Louis XIV .
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Content
Life and creativity
Blondel was born in the family of a court official. Educated, studying for a military engineer. He studied military construction and mathematics, and then the fine arts. Consisted of diplomatic missions sent to Italy, Greece, Turkey and Egypt. Also as an educator, he accompanied young aristocrats, including sons J.-B. Colbert . In 1672, Blondel was appointed by Colbert as the first director of the Royal Academy of Architecture in Paris. The task of this academy, originally consisting of 8 members and formed in the image of the French Academy , was the creation and development of a national theory of architecture, which France could successfully present abroad. In the first place, the question of the preference of ancient, expressed also in the Renaissance of architecture — or the modern style that needed to be improved and developed ( Querelle des anciens et des modernes ), which caused numerous disputes, was to be resolved.
The main theoretical work in the field of architecture, created by Blondel, is his Architecture Course (Cours d'Architecture) (1675-83). This course combines the reading materials that Blondel spent twice a week in front of the Academy members and determines the basic laws of the French rational architectural theory that determined the development of this science from primitive buildings of the primitive era and up to the complex design of various types of colonnaded buildings.
Creative heritage
- The buildings
- Arc de Triomphe Saint-Denis , Paris, 1672
- Writings
- Cours d'Architecture , volumes 1-5, Paris 1675-83,
- Die Kunst Bomben zu werffen Das ist Nürnberg 1686,
- Neue Manier Vestungen zu bauen. Nürnberg 1686.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 117627666 // Common Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- B BNF ID : Open Data Platform - 2011.
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Blondel / A. A. Aronova // Banquet Campaign 1904 - Bolshaya Irgiz. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - p. 606-607. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, vol. 3). - ISBN 5-85270-331-1 .
Literature
- Antoine Picon: Architectes et ingénieurs au siècle des lumières. Parenthèses, Marseilles 1988, ISBN 2-86364-049-6
- Hanno-Walter Kruft: Geschichte der Architekturtheorie: Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. München: Verlag CH Beck 2004, ISBN 3-406-34903-X
- Christian Freigang: François Blondel. In: Bernd Evers (ed.): Architekturtheorie: Von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart , Köln: Taschen Verlag 2006, ISBN 3-8228-5082-9
- Ed. Alfred Werner Maurer, Vanessa Alexia Maurer-Schwindt: Disput François Blondel und Claude Perrault. Der Streit zwischen Francois Blondel und Claude Perrault über den natürlichen Ursprung der architektonischen Proportionen und die Krise der Architekturtheorie,
Additions
- Works of F. Blondel at the University Library of Heidelberg