Grebnevo (estate)

The history of the estate can be traced back to the 16th century as the village of Bohova of the camp of Zamoskovnaya half of Moscow district ^[1] . In the scribe books of that time (1584-86), the village was mentioned as belonging to Bogdan Yakovlevich Belsky , the armory of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich . In troubled times, the estate passed into the possession of the Vorontsovs , who were its owners even before Belsky, and then into the possession of the Princes Trubetskoys .

Prince Dmitry Timofeevich Trubetskoy was an associate of Prince Pozharsky , who headed the first Russian government in 1612. It was with him that large hydraulic works were carried out on the Lyuboseevka River adjacent to the village and the estate from the south, which included the construction of a dam, which gave rise to the system of Barsky ponds consisting of a reservoir complex shape and several picturesque islands, partially preserved to this day.

In the 1720s, the estate was owned by Prince Ivan Yuryevich Trubetskoy , father of Nastassya , the second wife of Prince Dmitry Kantemir . The daughter of Kantemir from her first marriage, Maria Kantemir , buys the next to Grebnev Ulitkino .

In 1760, the estate passed to Princess Ekaterina Dmitrievna Golitsyna ; since 1772, she was owned by a relative of Golitsyna - Princess Anna Danilovna Trubetskaya ; the mother of the outstanding poet of the XVIII century - Mikhail Matveich Kheraskov , the creator of the poem “ Rossiada ”, which is grandiose in size.

Since 1781, the estate has been changing its owners again: this time it passes to Gavrila Ilyich Bibikov through the millionaire Tatyana Yakovlevna Tverdyshev , his first wife, who bought Grebnevo. It was under Bibikov that the estate began to take on a form that has survived to our days: in 1780-90. the main manor house and a summer church are being erected, consecrated (in tune with the name of the village) in honor of the Grebnevskaya icon of the Mother of God , which was stored in the church of the Grebnevskaya Mother of God on Lubyanka .

After the death of G.I. Bibikov in 1803, the estate passed to another very rich woman, Anna Stroganova , whose son, Prince Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn , was starting new large-scale construction work since 1817 . By 1820-30 two outbuildings, a front entrance gate resembling a triumphal arch, and the winter St. Nicholas Church, consecrated in 1823, are being erected. The ensemble of the estate finally takes on the form that has survived to this day.

In 1845, the Golitsins sold the estate to the merchant Panteleev, who built vitriol and distillery at the estate, which led to the death of the interiors of the main estate, which were restored by the efforts of the following owners of Grebnevo - the merchants Kondrashovs, who came from the fortress villages of Fryazino .

In 1913, the estate was bought by the famous Moscow doctor Fedor Aleksandrovich Grinevsky , a relative of the outstanding Russian writer Alexander Stepanovich Green . The new destination of the estate is a sanatorium situated near Moscow, which comes in handy in connection with the outbreak of the First World War , which deprived the Moscow intelligentsia of the traditional opportunity to go on holiday abroad.

With the advent of Soviet power, the estate was nationalized, and its future underwent several drastic and dramatic changes. With each new zigzag of fate, Grebnevo loses its historical appearance: first of all, the interior decoration and interiors irrevocably disappear. In 1919, a sanatorium for tuberculosis patients was arranged within the walls of the estate, later it was replaced by the Shchelkovsky College of Electrovacuum Devices, after which the estate was occupied by the NPO Platan.

In 1960, Grebnevo was declared an architectural monument of republican significance. Several attempts at restoration are made, and by the end of the 1980s, there is hope for a revival of the estate: a historical and cultural center is located on its territory, concerts and exhibitions of paintings by famous artists are held. However, in 1991, when the restoration of the palace was nearing completion, under unclear circumstances, a fire occurred in it, destroying not only the interiors, but also the roof, leaving only bare burnt walls ... Attempts to preserve the palace are unsuccessful and at present it is, in fact already turned into ruins. Since then, the estate has come into a state of extreme desolation and abandonment, in which it remains to this day.

2018 year. The new owner of the estate, Andrei Arkadyevich Kovalev , plans to restore the estate.

The following buildings belong to the historical and architectural complex of the estate and the village of Grebnevo:

• Main Manor House (1780–90)
• Temple of the Grebnev Icon of the Mother of God (1791)
• Front entrance gate ( Arc de Triomphe , 1821)
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (St. Nicholas Church, 1823)
• East wing (1780–90)
• The West Wing (1780–90)
• The coach house (XIX century)
• Stable (19th century)
• Farmyard (XIX century)
• Manor fence (middle of the 18th century)
• Golitsynska hospital (1830–32) in the village of Novaya Sloboda

When the estate was built, two churches that have survived to this day, in contrast to the estate, in a form practically untouched by the Soviet era.

Under Gavril Ilyich Bibikov, a stone church was built in Grebnevo, which was consecrated in 1791 in the name of the Grebnev Icon of the Mother of God, which, according to tradition, was donated to Dmitry Donskoy by the Cossacks after the Battle of Kulikovo . The temple with an unusual top for Russia in the form of the figure of an archangel holding a cross on the dome was built by the "scrupulousness" of the general and twenty peasants, whose names are carved on the bronze temple plaque that has been preserved today. In 1991, the 200th anniversary of this temple was solemnly celebrated and a book dedicated to the history of the temple was published.

At the beginning of 1817, Prince Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn attracted the construction of the architect Oldelli in Grebnev, and later the architect N. I. Deryugin. The final accents when creating the estate was the erection of the front entrance gate (1821) and the Empire Church of St. Nicholas (consecrated in 1823) ^[2]

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  The main manor house before the revolution

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  The northern facade of the palace (2007 photo)

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  Church of Our Lady of Grebnev (1791)

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  East wing

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  West Pavilion

During the reign of Catherine II, the estate became famous as one of the centers of Russian Enlightenment . There were such large figures of Russian literature as G.R. Derzhavin , V.A. Zhukovsky , I.F. Bogdanovich , A.N. Radishchev , M.M. Kheraskov , N.I. Novikov .

G.R.Derzhavin, in his poem “The Key”, dedicated to M. M. Kheraskov, who spent a lot of the summer months in the estate, mentions the poetic attraction of Grebnevo - the frosty key that once struck in the estate park:

* * *
Yes, your honor will pass all the city,
Like an echo from the mountains through a dense forest:
Creator of the immortal "Rossiada",
Sacred Grebenevsky key,
You gave water to a poem. ^[3]

It was in Grebnevo that M. M. Kheraskov completed his most famous work - the epic poem “ Rossiada ”, dedicated to the victorious capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible .

As of the end of 2006, the monument of architecture and history of federal significance continues to remain in an abandoned state and is slowly being destroyed. The most deplorable are the palace, the building of the coach house and stables. On April 17, 2007, a new fire broke out in the estate, as a result of which the roof of the eastern wing was almost completely destroyed by fire ^{[4] [5]} . In July 2013, fires repeated ^[6] . As of August 2013, the Grebnevo estate was practically abandoned; its further fate is in question.

In 2014, Grebnevo, owned by the Moscow Region, was auctioned and became the ninth estate, leased under the preferential system (31,243 rubles per year) as part of the governor's program “Manors of the Moscow Region”.

Measures to save the monument were not taken. In early May 2016, two floors of the facade of the main house collapsed (in the place where the double-ballroom was located) ^[7] . After that, the Government of the Moscow Region applied to the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation with a proposal to transfer the monument of federal significance to the Grebnevo estate in regional ownership. ^[eight]

The landscape park around the estate is a protected area, however, the administration of a rural settlement issued building permits for this territory ^[9] .

In May 2018, the estate was acquired by Andrei Kovalev for restoration ^[10] .

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grebnevo
• Fryazino. Info - M. Bayev. Secondary opening of the village of Grebneva
• Site of the estate keeper
• Video filming of the estate from the air in 2013 Video filming from a height (from the drone) of 2016 (neopr.) . "Chronicle of the Russian estate."
• Manor Grebnevo
• Site of temples of the Grebnevskaya icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of the village of Grebnevo
• Manor Grebnevo (Shchelkovsky district) - a ghost in a hogweed (video) (Extensive thickets of dangerous weed - hogweed Sosnowski on the estate)
• Posykhalin A. Yu. "Diary of the estate-sanatorium Grebnevo" and its significance in studying the past estate near Moscow during the First World War and Revolution (Neopr.) (2015). Date of treatment February 1, 2019.
• Drozdov M. Bogorodsky Necropolis. Grebnevo (neopr.) . Bogorodsk-Noginsk. Bogorodsk local history. Date of treatment April 8, 2019.