Color Passport

The law of the city of Moscow of July 1, 1996 ^[1] determined the mandatory nature of the coloristic passport of the Moscow City Architecture Committee when painting the facades of buildings. The main purpose of the passport is to fix the colors of facades, architectural details, plinths, window covers, doors, roofs, fences, etc. In conditions when a large number of companies are involved in construction and reconstruction works, the color passport is a tool for introducing a scientifically-based color concept into practical city ​​life.

In the Russian Empire until 1832, the rationing of the artistic appearance of cities was determined by nominal imperial decrees and resolutions on reports and reports to the highest name, as well as orders of the Senate and the government. The building regulations of 1832 became the instrument of regulation of the growing architectural and construction business. In addition to the charter, the standard base for the formation of the external appearance of cities was actively developed, collected in albums and sent to the provinces " exemplary " drawings of state and private buildings, which " served as a guide not only in the construction of new ones, but also in the conversion of old buildings, where convenience ". The colors of the facades and roofs of the buildings were also set. The first model projects were used from the beginning of the construction of St. Petersburg ^{[2] [3] [4]} .

In Moscow, the first attempts at color adjustment were made in the 18th century by Peter I, who determined by a special decree what colors the First Throne should paint . Thus, the historical color gamut of the capital was legally formed. Until 1917, a special document was established for each building.

The practice of creating and using coloristic passports was revived in Russia in the second half of the 1990s. The initiator of their renewal is Larisa Vladimirovna Zhuk , a graduate of the Moscow Architectural Institute ( MARCHI ) and Tatyana Alexandrovna Usatova , a graduate of the chemical faculty of Moscow State University named after Lomonosov. L.V. Zhuk in 1973-1997 worked in the Office of Urban Design of the Moscow Committee of Architecture, including in 1987-1997. - Head of the Department of painting and finishing facades of buildings in Moscow. He was the author of color solutions for a large number of facades of the city buildings - the Musical Theater named after KS Stanislavsky and Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko on B. Dmitrovka, Theater M. Rozovsky at Nikitinsky Gate , a complex of buildings on B. Yakimanka , B. Molchanovka , B. Ordynka , etc. In preparation for the 850th anniversary of Moscow, in 1994–1995, Larisa Zhuk led the development of the color scheme of the facades of all the buildings of the Boulevard Ring ^[5] .

As part of the joint work of the Moscow Committee for Architecture, the Institute of Electronic Control Machines ( INEUM ) and the design studio WIGRAF, a prototype of an automated information system for the coloristic concept was created and forms of coloristic passports were developed using all the capabilities of computer graphics and database organization ^{[6] [7]} . From 1997 to 2012, architectural and color solutions based on applications to the Main Architectural and Planning Department of the Moscow City Architecture Committee were prepared in the architectural color painting workshop (City Color Center) of Mosproject-3 ^{[8] [9]} .

The color center of the city is one of the few Moscow teams that started to deal professionally with the color problems of the urban environment. Created in 1996 by the chief artist of Moscow, A. V. Efimov, on the basis of the architectural color painting workshop No. 10 of the State Unitary Enterprise Mosproekt-3 under the direction of TS Semenova. The main activity of the City Color Center was the development of architectural sections of passports “ Color solution, materials and technology of work ”, as well as the production of architectural projects for the reconstruction of building facades.

The technological section of coloristic passports was developed by technologists at the Enlakom Center ^[10] (headed by T. A. Usatova) - an expert-scientific organization in the field of technology, design, design and inspection of facades.

From 2008 to the beginning of 2013, the Center for Color of the City was one of the leading organizations for the implementation of the city target program of comprehensive overhaul in terms of the colors of the facades of reconstructed residential buildings. The large-scale works of the City Color Center have become an integrated coloristic solution for the construction of the Garden and Boulevard Rings of the city, the concept of a coloristic solution for many historical streets and squares, as well as more than one thousand local projects of coloristic solutions for buildings and structures.

In order to improve the order of formation of the architectural and artistic image of the city, the metropolitan government approved on March 28, 2012 a new resolution on the color solutions of the facades of buildings, structures, structures in Moscow ^[11] , which determined the order of development of standard and individual color solutions. At the same time in the passport three variants of the color palette of facades are allowed with the appropriate color marking in the RAL , NCS systems, which is characterized by a change in color saturation by no more than 5%.

The introduction of coloristic passports was included in urban planning practice in other cities of the Russian Federation ^[12] .

The computerization of the selection and fixation in the passport of color solutions within the framework of standardized color catalogs opens up the possibility of using computer tinting and automatic dosing technologies ^[13] for selecting the required shades at the stage of ordering and producing paints.