Dmitry Yegorovich Benardaki ( 1799 , Taganrog - May 28, 1870 , Wiesbaden ) - Russian industrialist , large wine farmer , owner of iron smelters and ironworks, shipowner, creator of the Sormovsky plant , gold miner.
| Dmitry Egorovich Benardaki | |
|---|---|
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| Date of Birth | 1799 |
| Place of Birth | Taganrog , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | May 28, 1870 |
| Place of death | Wiesbaden Germany |
| A country | |
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Content
Biography
Dmitry Benardaki of Greek descent, son of the officer of the Russian Imperial Fleet, midshipman George Nikiforovich Benardaki, commander of the cruiser Phoenix during the years of the war with Turkey from 1787-1791 . The mystery of the birthplace of Dmitry Benardaki has not yet been solved. In the publications of the XIX century, as in the later ones, various places of his birth are indicated, contradicting each other. He grew up in Taganrog , since 1807 he studied at the Taganrog male gymnasium [1] [2] .
He entered military service on October 25, 1819 in the Akhtyr Hussar Regiment as a cunker. April 23, 1820 promoted to cornet. On January 18, 1823, he was dismissed from service due to domestic circumstances with the rank of lieutenant. Decisions of the governing Senate of 11/28/1850 and 09/06/1861 approved in the hereditary nobility.
In 1837 (according to other sources, in 1826) he bought the Verkhne-Troitsky Plant, the Lower Trinity Plant and the Usen-Ivanovsky Plant, in 1859 - the Avzyano-Petrovsky Plants. In 1852 he built the Alafuzov factory.
He owned an estate in 8 villages in Belebeyevsky uyezd : Aleksandrovka , Dmitrievka (nowadays no longer exist), Annovka , Ekaterinovka , Elizavetino (all - Belebeyevsky district), Konstantinovka , Leonidovka , Nikolaevka (all - Tuymazinsky district).
In 1860, he bought back the shares of the Nizhny Novgorod Machine Factory ( Krasnoe Sormovo ). Under Benardaki, steam engines, lathes, a crane first appeared at the plant, in 1870 the first open-hearth furnace in Russia for steelmaking was built. Also, the first iron ships were built at the Sormovsk plant, and during the years of the Crimean War (1853-1856) military ships for the Caspian flotilla were built. In 10 years from 1860 to 1869, 40 steam engines left the machines of the Sormovskaya shipyard. Among them, the largest ship "Leo", designed for river shipping on the Volga.
In 1858, together with the merchant Vasily Rukavishnikov, he created the Amur Company . He was the first to mine gold in the Amur Region. The organizer and owner of a large gold mining company of the Upper Amur , which existed until the establishment of Soviet power. He built and launched two ships on Lake Baikal : “Count Muravyov-Amursky” and “Dmitry Benardaki”.
Benardaki died of "paralysis in the lungs" on May 28, 1870 in Wiesbaden, in Germany. He was buried in the Greek Church in St. Petersburg , demolished in 1962 [3] . His remains were reburied on September 2, 2011 in the Necropolis of Artists of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra ( photo of the grave ).
Charity
He founded charity funds for needy students of St. Petersburg male gymnasiums, he took care of children convicted of petty crimes, creating several agricultural colonies and craft shelters.
In St. Petersburg, Benardaki built the Greek Embassy Church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Demetrius of Solunsky . He completely took on the construction of this church.
Benardaki often loaned money to N.V. Gogol , who brought him in the second volume of Dead Souls as the beneficent capitalist Kostanzhoglo [4] . He also energetically helped P.V. Nashchokin , a Moscow friend of A.S. Pushkin [5] .
D. Benardaki collected a collection of Western European painting, which was successfully exhibited in St. Petersburg in 1861 at an exhibition of paintings owned by members of the imperial house and private individuals. Karl Bryullov worked on his orders.
Family
In 1824, he married Anna Egorovna Kapuri, the 17-year-old daughter of a Nezhin Greek. Benardaki and his wife Anna had 8 children - three sons (Leonid, Nikolai and Konstantin) and five daughters (Catherine, Alexandra, Lyudmila, Vera and Elizabeth). Wife Anna died in October 1846.
His son Konstantin Dmitrievich is a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the Ural-Volga Metallurgical Society, the founder of the Komarovsky iron ore deposits and the South Ural mining plants of the company. Leonid Dmitrievich - a college assessor, owned Spassky and Vladimir gold mines in the Orenburg province, and in 1860 donated 300 rubles for the construction of a parish school in the city of Belebey. Nikolai Dmitrievich (1838-1909) - one of the founders of the Siberian Trade Bank ; his daughter (1874-1949) was friends with Marcel Proust in his youth and became one of the prototypes of Gilbert Swan in the series of novels “ In Search of Lost Time ” [6] .
Notes
- ↑ September 20, Benardaki was returned to Russia and St. Petersburg! - Moscow Society of Greeks . Date of treatment April 4, 2013. Archived April 6, 2013.
- ↑ The remains of Dmitry Benardaki will be reburied in one of the cemeteries of St. Petersburg . Greece from greek.ru. Date of treatment April 4, 2013. Archived April 6, 2013.
- ↑ Cassidy I. Kh. Dmitry Egorovich Benardaki. The fate of man and his burial . Greece from greek.ru (February 5, 2011). Date of treatment March 17, 2019.
- ↑ See the testimony of M.P. Pogodin in the Russian Archive, 1865, No. 7, p. 895.
- ↑ Raevsky N.A. Friend of Pushkin Pavel Voinovich Nashchokin. - M .: Nauka, 1976 .-- S. 31—32.
- ↑ Morois, 2000 , p. nineteen.
Sources
- Benardaki, Dmitry Egorovich . - Irkutsk. Historical and Local Lore Dictionary. - Irkutsk: Siberian Book, 2011 .-- 596 p.
- Morois Andre. Finding Marcel Proust / per. with fr. D. Efimova. - St. Petersburg: Limbus-Press, 2000 .-- 382 p.
Links
- Cessidy I. Kh. Dmitry Egorovich Benardaki. The fate of man and his burial . Greece from greek.ru (February 5, 2011). Date of treatment March 17, 2019.
- A monument was opened to Dmitry Benardaki, the son of two great peoples of Russia and Greece (September 20, 2011). Date of treatment March 17, 2019. Archived on September 28, 2011.
- Opening of the monument to the patron Dmitry Yegorovich Benardaki . Date of appeal March 17, 2019. ]]