People's Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR

The People’s Commissariat of Justice was created in accordance with the Decree on the Establishment of the Council of People’s Commissars , adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917.

In 1917, the People’s Commissar had to immediately break down the entire apparatus of the former Ministry of Justice and the Court of the Russian Empire . The People’s Commissariat was entrusted with the duty to build a new legal system and new justice, as well as to replace, in the sense of judicial control on a national level, the abolished Government Senate .

At the same time, the People’s Commissariat transferred duties of the State Council of the Russian Empire , its Special Department and the Senate to compile and publish decrees and to codify laws.

In the USSR, in accordance with the Constitution , only republican people's commissariats of justice operated until 1936: the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR and the NKJ of the Union and Autonomous Republics supervised the judicial practice of all the judicial bodies of this republic, protesting and forwarding, through prosecutorial supervision, the wrong verdict or decision made by any court in the territory republics. In the field of organizational, the NJC of the Union and Autonomous Republics was entrusted with: general management, organization, audit and instruction of all judicial institutions of the republic, notaries, bailiffs, defense, organized by the NJC of accounting expertises and educational institutions under the jurisdiction of the NJC of the Union republics. Supervision of judicial policy in specific cases was carried out by the supreme courts of the Union republics, regional, regional courts by affiliation and the prosecutor's office.

According to the Constitution of the USSR in 1936, the Union-Republican People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR was created. Thus, the NKJU of the RSFSR and the people's commissars of other union republics, being part of the republican councils of the people, at the same time had to carry out the orders and orders of the single central union People’s Commissariat of Justice of the USSR.

In 1946, the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR was transformed into the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR ^[1] .

The following tasks were entrusted to the People's Commissariat:

1. organization and instruction of bodies of the court, investigation, defense (advocacy) and prosecution (prosecutor's office), as well as monitoring the activities of the commission on juvenile affairs;
2. consideration, in the order of higher judicial supervision, court decisions and sentences that have entered into legal force, teaching the court. bodies of guiding explanations and directions and monitoring of legality (People's Commissar at the same time as the Prosecutor of the Republic).
3. preliminary consideration of bills, publication and interpretation of laws;
4. the development of general penalties, the organization of a corrective labor regime for persons deprived of their liberty both by court verdict and through a preliminary investigation, as well as the management of places of deprivation of liberty;
5. leadership and supervision of the implementation of the separation of the church from the state (a liquidation department was created in the People’s Commissariat that was involved in the destruction of the Russian Orthodox Church).

On April 15, 1919, a decree "On Forced Labor Camps" was issued in the RSFSR. From the very beginning of the existence of Soviet power, the administration of most places of detention was entrusted to the penitentiary department People's Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR, formed in May 1918 .

November 8, 1917 G. I. Oppokov (A. Lomov) was appointed People's Commissar of Justice, he was replaced by P. I. Stuchka , then I. Z. Steinberg . On June 16, 1918, P. I. Stuchka was appointed People's Commissar of Justice. In August 1918, after the departure of P.I.Stuchka (who headed the Soviet government of Latvia from the end of 1918), D.I. Kursky , who held this post until 1928, was appointed People's Commissar of Justice. The next people's commissar was N.M. Yanson , who was replaced in 1931 by N.V. Krylenko , who held office until July 1936.

The People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR was simultaneously the Prosecutor of the RSFSR. The Supreme Court of the RSFSR, like the prosecutor’s office, was part of the apparatus of the People’s Commissariat, and the chairman of the Supreme Court was also the deputy People’s Commissioner of Justice. This management model coincided with the pre-Soviet model and lasted until 1936.

Structure in 1917. Directly subordinate to the narcotics operational meeting, the secretariat and a group of executives. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Business management
• Training department
• Legislation and Codification Division
• Financial department
• Special department
• Secret Encryption Part

In total, the staff was 150 people. The Supreme Court of the RSFSR and the Prosecutor's Office of the RSFSR formally were part of the NKJU of the RSFSR as structural units.

Structure in 1939. The Control and Inspection Group, the Secretariat, and the Operational Meeting were directly subordinate to the drug addict. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Business management
• Department of the Judiciary
• School Management
• HR Management
• Department of Advocacy
• Notary Department
• Department of Codification of Legislation
• Financial department
• Mobilization department
• Secret Encryption Part

In total, the staff was 168 people

Structure in 1940. The Control and Inspection Group, the Secretariat, the College, and the meeting of deputies were directly subordinate to the drug. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Business management
• Office of the Judiciary
• School Management
• HR Management
• Department of Advocacy
• Notary Department
• Codification department
• Planning and Finance Department
• Mobilization department
• Secret Encryption Department

In total, the staff was 195 people

Structure in 1942. Moscow. Directly narcotics subordinate to the Secretariat, the College. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Business management
• Office of the Judiciary (partially)
• HR Management
• Department of Advocacy
• Codification department
• Finance Department (part)
• Mobilization department
• Secret Encryption Department

Sol-Iletsk Deputy People's Commissar of Justice. Operational meeting. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Office of the Judiciary (part)
• Notary Department
• Finance Department (part)

States 95 people

Structure in 1944. Directly narcotics subordinate to the Secretariat, the College. The composition of the People's Commissariat included:

• Business management
• Office of the Judiciary
• School Management
• HR Management
• Department of Advocacy
• Notary Department
• Codification department
• Financial department
• Mobilization department
• Secret Encryption Department

In total, there were 123 people

• People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR