Facilitation ( English from facilitate “help, facilitate, contribute”) is a management style. Facilitation differs from simple control in that its method is not directive, that is, one that does not go beyond the self - organization of a managed system . If, in traditional forms of management (for example, a group), the subject encourages her to follow her own instructions and orders, then in the case of facilitation, her subject must combine not only the functions of a leader and leader , but also a participant in group dynamics . Thus, in the case of facilitation, we are dealing with a fundamentally different managerial situation [1] . The leading international association of facilitators ( , IAF), existing since 1989, currently includes more than 1,200 members from 63 countries. From Russia, more than ten people are currently registered in it. Since 2010, Moscow hosts the annual conference of professional facilitators.
Facilitators are called psychologists , consultants, psychotherapists working with groups. [2]
Content
The difference between psychological facilitation
Facilitation as a psychological technique is very similar to the symbiosis of client-centered psychotherapy by Carl Rogers , it also uses empathy, understanding, attention, unconditional acceptance, tolerance, sympathy from the psychologist for the client, and positive psychology , helps to reveal optimism , trust , and those natural abilities of a person that he uses unconsciously. The difference from Rogers psychotherapy and positive psychotherapy is that:
- In case of refusal to directly manage the situation, the facilitator-psychologist switches to non-directive, collective (“client-psychologist”) management of the situation, which helps to cope with the client’s difficulties.
- The facilitator psychologist uses “positive confrontation”, in the interaction between the facilitator psychologist and the client in the process of which doubt is expressed about the limited resources of the client or the resources of collaboration between the psychologist and the client.
- A facilitative action can include a whole palette of both conditionally negative and conditionally positive states (uses any resources) to achieve the goal.
- The facilitating psychologist and client are tolerant of uncertainty in the process.
Processing
- Processing is the activity of the facilitator to change the client; work with something (customer problem), and its transformation.
- Transforming processing is a system of principles and techniques that help people change their minds, cope with the dysfunctional aspects of their lives and get as much of what they want in life. [3]
This is an activity in which the facilitator encourages a person to change their relationship with the world. This work consists in the fact that the facilitator shows the client how he imagines and structures the world, and changes this view to the best for the client.
All that the facilitator says and does is designed to begin the process of change at the client and continue it until successful completion. The facilitator’s skill is to be able to determine when to start a process, how to facilitate its progress and what are the signs of a process being completed [4] .
One of the parts of transformative processing - semantic processing - is one of the parts of transformative processing that focuses on the reaction of people to the world. Semantic processing changes the model of the world in a direction that is beneficial for the client.
In the process of the facilitator working with the client, a personal change occurs. Moreover, both the client and the facilitator.
Personality Change
- Personal change , in turn, represents a certain ability, which can initially be set and developed in the process of socialization of a person.
- Psychologist eco - facilitator is not only an integrator , it is also a mirror . A mirror in which you can see what is hidden in the identity of the client: what he stands on, and therefore does not notice.
- Based on the fact that almost any group acts as an open, dynamic and self-organizing system that defines its goals and ways to achieve them, we find another type of facilitation, which we have termed environmental facilitation (or eco-facilitation). [five]
Types of Facilitation
Psychological facilitation is a process of management and at the same time construction / reconstruction of a managed system. Moreover, this process is probabilistic , non-linear and irreversible, which corresponds to the nature of personality change. Psychological facilitation is due to paradoxical control over the process of self-reconstruction and self-organization of an open dynamic personality system [6] .
See also
- Social facilitation
Notes
- ↑ Lushin, 2005 , p. 259-260.
- ↑ Fleming, 1997 , p. 7.
- ↑ Fleming, 1997 , p. eight.
- ↑ Fleming, 1997 , p. 6-7.
- ↑ Lushin, 2005 , p. 260.
- ↑ Lushin, 2005 , p. 264-265.
Literature
- Fleming F. Converting Dialogues: A Manual of Practical Techniques for Facilitating Personal Change: [orig. ed. 1996] / Fanch Fleming; per. from English D.A. Ivakhnenko. - The latest psychology: Nika-Center, 1997. - 400 p.
- Lushin P.V. Personal changes as a process: theory and practice. - Odessa: Aspect, 2005 .-- 334 p.
Links
- Annual Conference of Professional Facilitators Report, articles www.facilitators.ru
- Facilitation // Virtual laboratory : site
- Facilitation, moderation, mediation / Kristina Vengrynyak
- Ecopsychological Facilitation : Website