Arbatnot, Mariot ( born Mariot Arbuthnot ; 1711 - January 31, 1794 ) - British admiral and colonial official, participant in the Seven Years War and American War of Independence , during which he rose to command the North American station .
| Arbatnot, Mariot | |
|---|---|
| Mariot arbuthnot | |
 Admiral Arbatnot, approx. 1790 | |
| Date of Birth | 1711 |
| Place of Birth | Weymouth |
| Date of death | January 31, 1794 |
| Place of death | London |
| Affiliation | Great Britain  |
| Type of army | Royal fleet  |
| Years of service | OK. 1727 - 1794 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commanded | HMS Jamaica , HMS Surprise , Hms triton Hms garland Hms portland Hms oxford Hms terrible North American Station ( 1779 - 1781 ) |
| Battles / wars | War for jenkins ear seven year war
US War of Independence
|
| Communications | Dr. John Arbuthnot |
Born in 1711 in Weymouth , the son of Robert and Sarah Arbatnot, nee Buri, the priest’s grandson in the parish of Crichton and Crenston. He entered the fleet as a midshipman in the late 1720s. In 1739 he was promoted to lieutenant . In 1746 he took command of the sloop HMS Jamaica . Cruising with him in the Canal , he took two French privatars . In 1747 he became a full captain . June 22, 1747 appointed to command the frigate HMS Surprise , and soon the frigate HMS Triton .
In 1757 he was captain of HMS Garland . During the Seven Years' War, in 1759 he commanded the HMS Portland , as part of Commodore Robert Duff's squadron patrolled Quiberon Bay , was present at the defeat of the French on November 20 . Towards the end of the war he was given command of the 50-gun HMS Oxford . In 1770, during the Falkland Crisis, he became captain of HMS Terrible .
From November 1, 1775 to 1778 he was appointed Halifax (Nova Scotia) commissar of the fleet. [1] [2] In parallel from April 20, 1776 to 1778, he served as vice- governor of Nova Scotia . Since Governor Francis Legg left for England in June, Arbatnot remained the senior administrator of the colony. In this capacity, he was mainly engaged in protecting the colony from possible attacks, but also tried to extinguish the discontent and separatist sentiments of some residents. Some opponents accused him of greed for any, even the most gross flattery. [3] Apparently, around this time, the British privat Arbutnot was named after him. January 23, 1778 he became rear admiral . [3] On August 17, he was succeeded as vice governor by Richard Hughes , and Arbatnot left Halifax.
On March 19, 1779, Arbatnot became vice admiral of the blue squadron, [4] and on May 2 he hoisted the flag on HMS Europe . In the same year he was appointed commander in chief of the North American station. [3] Soon after arriving at the duty station , he was blocked in New York by the French admiral d'Estaing .
In December 1779, he delivered the troops of General Henry Clinton for the siege of Charleston (holding the flag on the HMS Roebuck ) and supported the army during the siege. The surrender of the city is addressed to both of them. [5] However, the interaction between them left much to be desired. Clinton later called his behavior "stubborn." [6]
On June 8, 1780, Arbatnot and Clinton returned from near Charleston to New York to meet the expected French reinforcements. However, on August 11, they landed in Rhode Island . Clinton believed that if you hold a counter-landing before the French gain a foothold, they can be forced to leave their position. But Arbatnot refused to cooperate. On September 14, Admiral Rodney returned from the West Indies without warning and took command in his own hands, despite Arbatnot’s attempts to maintain independence. [7]
September 26, 1780 Arbatnot became vice admiral of the white squadron. [8] Vice Admiral Graves, who came to replace him as commander, took office in 1781 .
On March 16, 1781, Arbatnot commanded a squadron, at Cape Henry, blocking Chevalier Detusz’s path to Chesapeake . [9] After that he returned to England. Although the French left the Chesapeake to the battered British squadron, and Cape Henry turned out to be a kind of victory, Detush clearly surpassed the Arbatnote by maneuver, and the battle stopped only due to heavy damage on both sides. Rodney, who had few praise at all, spoke particularly sharply about Arbatnot’s abilities.
February 1, 1793 by seniority in the navy list was promoted to admiral of the blue squadron. [10] He died in London on January 31 the following year, 1794 . After him were two sons, John and Charles.
Links
- Arbutnot // Aral Flotilla - Mount Athos. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911. - S. 4. - ( Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / edited by V. F. Novitsky [and others ]; 1911-1915, v. 3).
- Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Notes
- ↑ London Gazette: 11583, p. 1.29 July 1775.
- ↑ London Gazette: 11850, p. 2.17 February 1778
- ↑ 1 2 3 Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- ↑ London Gazette: 11962, p. 2.16 March 1779.
- ↑ London Gazette: 12098, p. 5.4 July 1780.
- ↑ Navies and the American Revolution / R. Gardiner, ed. - P. 78, 107, 114.
- ↑ Navies and the American Revolution / R. Gardiner, ed. - P. 80.
- ↑ London Gazette: 12122, p. 4/26 September 1780.
- ↑ London Gazette: 12181, pp. 1-3. April 21, 1781.
- ↑ London Gazette: 13499, p. 99.2 February 1793.