The loss of syllabic sonants is a phonetic change. It consists in a change in the Proto-Slavic language of the syllabic sonants * ṛ, * ḷ, * ṃ, * ṇ inherited from the pre-Indo-European language into the combinations * ir, * ur, * il, * ul, * im, * um, * in, * un (subsequently in the Proto-Slavic language * u and * i went into the reduced sounds * b and * b). It is considered one of the oldest Baltic-Slavic isogloss [1] .
Content
Description of the phenomenon
The tendency to eliminate syllabic sonants existed in almost all Indo-European languages. However, the process of elimination in different languages was different.
As a rule, the reflexes of syllabic sonants coincide in the Slavic and Baltic languages. However, there are some cases of mismatch [2] [3] :
- lit. gùmulti “knead” - praslav. * gim- (> * žьmǫ "press")
A. Meye wrote that the conditions that determined in the Balto-Slavic languages the choice between i and u during vocalization of syllable smooth were not clarified [4] .
E. Kurilovich believed that uR arose after the bilingual k and g. However, the data speak against the Kurilovich hypothesis: iR occurs after the posterolinguistic, and even more often than uR [5] .
Other researchers see the reason for double reflexion in the presence in the Proto-Slavic language of syllable smooth front and non-front rows, the vocalization of which gave different results [6] .
Timeline
Relative chronology
This phonetic change is considered one of the oldest in the history of the Pre-Slavic language [7] .
Yu. V. Shevelyov, proceeding from the fact that the loss of syllabic sonants was caused by the fall of laryngals , believes that it occurred later than the disappearance of voiced aspirants, and simultaneously with the emergence of the opposition acute: circumflex [8] .
Absolute Chronology
Yu. V. Shevelev dates this phonetic change to the period 2000-1500. BC e. [9]
Typological Parallels
In the proto-Greek / m̥ / / n̥ / they went to / am /, / an / or to / a /. / r̥ / / l̥ / gave / ra /, / la /, or / ar /, / al /.
Notes
- ↑ Bernstein S. B. Comparative grammar of Slavic languages. - Publishing House of Moscow University, Publishing House "Science". - M. , 2005 .-- S. 155.
- ↑ Shevelov GY A Prehistory of Slavic. - Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. - Heidelberg, 1964 .-- P. 82.
- ↑ Bernstein S. B. Comparative grammar of Slavic languages. - Publishing House of Moscow University, Publishing House "Science". - M. , 2005 .-- S. 156.
- ↑ Meye A. Introduction to the Comparative Study of Indo-European Languages. - M .: Publishing house LCI, 2007. - S. 141.
- ↑ Maslova V.A. The origins of pre-Slavic phonology. - M .: Progress-Tradition, 2004. - S. 260. - ISBN 5-89826-201-6 .
- ↑ Maslova V.A. The origins of pre-Slavic phonology. - M .: Progress-Tradition, 2004. - S. 262. - ISBN 5-89826-201-6 .
- ↑ Shevelov GY A Prehistory of Slavic. - Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. - Heidelberg, 1964 .-- P. 100.
- ↑ Shevelov GY A Prehistory of Slavic. - Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. - Heidelberg, 1964. - P. 100-101.
- ↑ Shevelov GY A Prehistory of Slavic. - Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. - Heidelberg, 1964 .-- P. 633.
Literature
- Bernshtein S. B. Comparative grammar of Slavic languages. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, Publishing house "Science", 2005. - S. 154-157.
- Zhuravlev V.K.Praindoevropean and Proto-Slavic syllable smooth. // Essays on Slavic comparative studies. - M .: KomKniga, 2005. - S. 100-109.
- Maslova V.A. Origins of pre-Slavic phonology. M.: Progress-Tradition, 2004. - S. 245-293.
- Meye A. Pan-Slavic language. - M .: Publishing house of foreign literature, 1951. - S. 51-53, 60-65.
- Shevelov GY A Prehistory of Slavic. - Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1964 .-- P. 81-101.