Fema Seleucia ( Greek θέμα Σελευκείας ; lat. Thema Seleukeias ) is a Byzantine Fema (administrative and legal entity) located on the south coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) with its capital in Selevkia na Kalikadna (modern Silifka ).
History
In the period of Late Antiquity, the port of Seleucia on Calicadna was the main city of the Roman province of Isavria and was governed by the committee of Isavria [1] . In the VIII century, the Feme region was ruled by the tourmarch and then by the Drungarii of the Sea of Feme Kivirreota [1] [2] . At the beginning of the 9th century, a small enema (a fortified border line) was located on the territory of the future theme, sandwiched between the large Byzantine themes of Kivirreotov, Anatolik, Cappadocia and the sea, and bordering the areas of the Abbasid caliphate in Cilicia along the Lamos River [3] [4] . According to the Arab geographers Kudama ibn Jafar and ibn Khordadbeh , the enema included Seleucia as the capital and ten other fortresses with 5 thousand garrisons, of which five hundred were cavalrymen [3] [4] .
Klisura was elevated to the status of a full theme approximately in the reign of Roman I Lakapin , most likely around 927–934 [3] [4] [5] . According to the work of Emperor Konstantin VII Bagryanorodny “ On the management of the empire, ” the theme was divided into two parts, one of the inner regions, and the other of the coastal [4] .
The region fell into the hands of the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. At this time, the mountainous regions of the region were mainly inhabited by Armenians who moved there during the last century [6] . the Byzantines returned the region and fortified the cities of Seleucia and Korik in 1099/1100, after which it again became the seat of the Byzantine Dux. Fema Seleucia was still a Byzantine province until after 1180, it was conquered by the Cilician Armenian kingdom [1] [7] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kazhdan, 1991 , p. 1866
- ↑ Hild & Hellenkemper, 1990 , pp. 45, 47, 403
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hild & Hellenkemper, 1990 , p. 403
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Pertusi, 1952 , pp. 147–148
- ↑ Oikonomides, 1972 , p. 250
- ↑ Hild & Hellenkemper, 1990 , pp. 62, 403
- ↑ Hild & Hellenkemper, 1990 , pp. 67–74, 403
Literature
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . - New York, New York and Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 1991 .-- ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6 .
- Hild, Friedrich & Hellenkemper, Hansgerd (1990), Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 5: Kilikien und Isaurien , Vienna, Austria: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, ISBN 3-7001-1811-2 , < https://books.google .com / books? id = BlELcgAACAAJ >
- Oikonomides, Nicolas. Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles : [] . - Paris, France: Editions du Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1972.
- Pertusi, A. Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus: [] . - Rome, Italy: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1952.