The deaf velar spiral is a consonant sound found in some languages. It is present in the phonetic system of the Russian language, in the letter it is indicated by the letter x , in the international phonetic alphabet it is indicated by the symbol [x] (x).
| Deaf Velar Spyrant | |
|---|---|
| x | |
Picture
| |
| MFA Number | 140 |
| Unicode (hex) | U + 78 |
| HTML (decimal) | & # 120; |
| X-SAMPA | x |
| Kirshenbaum | x |
| MFA Braille | |
Prevalence
| Tongue | Word | MFA | Value | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | yes x e | ['daxɛ] listen | "nice" | |||
| Afrikaans | g oed | [xuˑt] | "OK" | |||
| Aleutian | Atkins dialect | ala x | [ɑlɑx] | "two" | ||
| Arab | خضراء | [xadˤraːʔ] | Green | |||
| Assamese | অসমীয়া | [ɔxɔmija] | "Assamese" | |||
| Avar | what the hell | [tʃex] | "stomach" | |||
| Azerbaijani | x oş | [xoʃ] | "pleasant" | |||
| Armenian | խ ոտ | [xot] | "grass" | |||
| Breton | hor c'hi | [or xiː] | "our dog" | |||
| Bulgarian | t x o | ['tixo] listen | "quiet" | |||
| Chinese | North Chinese | 河 ( h é ) | [xɤ˧˥] | "river" | See Putonghua | |
| Czech | ch lap | [xlap] | "Man, man" | |||
| Dutch | Flemish language [1] | a ch t | [ˈⱭxt] listen | "eight" | More common in northern dialects. | |
| Northern dialects [2] | ||||||
| English | Scottish dialect | lo ch | [lɔx] | "lake" | See English Phonology | |
| Esperanto | mona ĥ o | [monaxo] | "monk" | |||
| Ejac language | du x ł | [tʊxɬ] | "Traps" | |||
| Finnish language [3] | tu h ka | [tuxkɑ] | "Ashes" | Allophone / h /. | ||
| Georgian language [4] | ჯო ხ ი | [ˈDʒɔxi] | "stick" | |||
| German | Ku ch en | [kuːxən] | "pie" | See German Phonetics | ||
| Greek language | χ αρά | [xaˈra] | "joy" | |||
| Hindi | ख़ुशी | [xʊʃiː] | "happiness" | See Hindi Phonetics | ||
| Hungarian | sa hh al | [ʃɒxːɒl] | "With the shah" | |||
| Irish language | deo ch | [dʲɔ̝̈x] | "drink" | |||
| Kabardino-Circassian language | yes x e | ['daxɛ] listen | "nice" | |||
| Korean | 흠집 / h eumjip | [xɯmd͡ʑip̚] | "crack" | Speaks just before / ɯ / . | ||
| Lithuanian language | ch oras | [xoras] | "Choir" | |||
| Lojban | x atra | [xatra] | "letter" | |||
| Persian language | خواهر | [xɒːhær] | "sister" | |||
| Macedonian alphabet | Oh reed | [ˈƆxrit] listen | Ohrid | |||
| Manx | aasha gh | [ˈƐːʒax] | "light" | |||
| Old English | weal h | [wæɑlx] | "Stranger, slave" | |||
| Polish language [5] | ch leb | [xlɛp] | "bread" | See Polish Phonology | ||
| Portuguese | Brazilian Portuguese | r abo | [ˈXabʊ] | "tail" | (in some dialects) | |
| Russian language [6] | x good | [xɐˈroʂɨj] listen | "good" | See Russian phonetics | ||
| Scottish language [7] | dro ch aid | [ˈT̪ɾɔxɪtʲ] | "bridge" | |||
| Serbo-Croatian language | x rast / h rast | [xrast] | "oak" | |||
| Slovak | ch lap | [xlap] | "Man, man" | |||
| Somali language | kh ad | [xad] | "ink" | |||
| Spanish language [8] | o j o | [ˈO̞xo̞] | "eye" | See Spanish Phonology | ||
| Scythe | rh oxisa | [xɔkǁiːsa] | "wash" | |||
| Ukrainian language | x ata | [ˈXɑ.t̪ɑ] | "house" | See Ukrainian phonology | ||
| Urdu | خوشی | [xʊʃiː] | "happiness" | See Hindi Phonetics | ||
| Vietnamese language [9] | kh ông | [xəwŋ] | "not" | |||
| Welch | car ch ar | [kaɾxaɾ] | "jail" | |||
| West Frisian language | tú ch | [tyx] | "dust" | Allophone / χ / , Performs only after closed vowels ( [i] , [y] and [u] ). | ||
| Yagan language | x an | [xan] | "here" | |||
| Nose | ꉾ / h e | [xɤ˧] | "good" | |||
| Yiddish | א יך / i kh | [ix] | "I" | |||
Notes
- ↑ Verhoeven (2005 : 243)
- ↑ van Reenen & Huijs (2000 :?)
- ↑ VISK - § 5
- ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006 : 255)
- ↑ Jassem (2003 : 103)
- ↑ Padgett (2003 : 42)
- ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) The Gaelic of Leurbost . Olso. Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap.
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003 : 255)
- ↑ Thompson (1959 : 458–461)
Literature
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), " Polish ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 33 (1): 103–107 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100303001191
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma. & Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), " Castilian Spanish ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 33 (2): 255–259 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), “Tilquiapan Zapotec,” Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 38 (1): 107–114
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), " Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian ", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory T. 21 (1): 39–87 , DOI 10.1023 / A: 1021879906505
- van Reenen, Pieter & Huijs, Nanette (2000), " De harde en de zachte g, de spelling gh versus g voor voorklinker in het veertiende-eeuwse Middelnederlands ", Taal en Tongval T. 52: 159–181 , < http: / /www.meertens.knaw.nl/taalentongval/artikelen/Reenen_Huijs.pdf >
- Shosted, Ryan K. & Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), “ Standard Georgian ”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 36 (2): 255–264 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100306002659
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), " Saigon phonemics ", Language T. 35 (3): 454–476 , DOI 10.2307 / 411232
- Verhoeven, Jo (2005), Belgian Standard Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 25 (2): 243–247