Bismuth (III) oxide

Bismuth oxide
Bismuth oxide
Are common
Systematic ; name	Bismuth oxide
Traditional names	Bismuth sesquioxide
Chem. formula	Bi 2 O 3
Physical properties
condition	yellowish white crystals
Molar mass	465.96 g / mol
Density	8.90 g / cm³
Thermal properties
T. melt.	817 ° C
T. bale.	1890 ° C
Like heat resistant.	114 J / (mol · K)
Enthalpy of Education	-578 kJ / mol
Classification
Reg. CAS number	1304-76-3
PubChem
Reg. EINECS number
Smiles
Inchi
ChemSpider

Bismuth (III) oxide is a binary inorganic compound of bismuth metal and oxygen with the formula Bi ₂ O ₃ , yellowish-white crystals, insoluble in water.

Content

Getting

The bismite mineral is found in nature - bismuth oxide Bi ₂ O ₃ .

Bismuth combustion in air:

{\mathsf {4Bi+3O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {500-1000^{o}C}}\ 2Bi_{2}O_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4Bi + 3O_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {500-1000 ^ {o} C}} \ 2Bi_ {2} O_ {3}}}}

Decomposition of bismuth nitrate :

{\mathsf {4Bi(NO_{3})_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {700^{o}C}}\ 2Bi_{2}O_{3}+12NO_{2}+3O_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4Bi (NO_ {3}) _ {3} \ {\ xrightarrow {700 ^ {o} C}} \ 2Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 12NO_ {2} + 3O_ {2} }}}

Bismuth Sulfide Oxidation:

{\mathsf {2Bi_{2}S_{3}+9O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {400^{o}C}}\ 2Bi_{2}O_{3}+6SO_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2Bi_ {2} S_ {3} + 9O_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {400 ^ {o} C}} \ 2Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 6SO_ {2}}}}

Physical Properties

Bismuth (III) oxide forms yellowish-white crystals, which have four crystalline modifications:

α-Bi ₂ O ₃ , monoclinic syngony (pseudorhombic), space group P 2 ₁ / c , cell parameters a = 0.585 nm, b = 0.8166 nm, c = 1.3827 nm, β = 90 °, Z = 8 , when heated in air at 727 ° C, it partially loses oxygen and passes into δ-Bi ₂ O _3-x .
β-Bi ₂ O ₃ , bright yellow crystals, tetragonal syngony , space group I 4 / mm , cell parameters a = 0.385 nm, c = 1.225 nm, Z = 2, is formed upon cooling of δ-Bi ₂ O ₃ to 646 ° C, and at 620-605 ° C it transforms into α-Bi ₂ O ₃ .
γ-Bi ₂ O ₃ , bright yellow crystals, cubic syngonium , space group I 23 , cell parameters a = 1.076 nm, Z = 12, is formed upon cooling in an oxygen environment of δ-Bi ₂ O ₃ to 635 ° С.
δ-Bi ₂ O ₃ , orange crystals, cubic syngony , space group P n3m , cell parameters a = 0.566 nm, Z = 2.

Insoluble in water, p PR = 78.30.

Chemical Properties

Reacts with concentrated hot acids:

{\mathsf {Bi_{2}O_{3}+6HCl\ {\xrightarrow {70-80^{o}C}}\ 2BiCl_{3}+3H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 6HCl \ {\ xrightarrow {70-80 ^ {o} C}} \ 2BiCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2} O}}}

With hydrofluoric acid forms bismuthyl fluoride :

{\mathsf {Bi_{2}O_{3}+2HF\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 2BiOF\downarrow +H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 2HF \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ 2BiOF \ downarrow + H_ {2} O}}}

With chlorine, the reaction proceeds with the formation of bismuthyl chloride :

{\mathsf {Bi_{2}O_{3}+2Cl_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ 2BiOCl+Cl_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 2Cl_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {T}} \ 2BiOCl + Cl_ {2} O}}}

Molecular hydrogen reduces to metal:

{\mathsf {Bi_{2}O_{3}+3H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {240-270^{o}C}}\ 2Bi+3H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 3H_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {240-270 ^ {o} C}} \ 2Bi + 3H_ {2} O}}}

Under the action of oxidizing agents, bismuthates are formed:

{\mathsf {2Bi_{2}O_{3}+2Na_{2}O_{2}+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {450-600^{o}C}}\ 4NaBiO_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 2Na_ {2} O_ {2} + O_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {450-600 ^ {o} C}} \ 4NaBiO_ {3}} }}

{\mathsf {Bi_{2}O_{3}+2Na_{2}O_{2}+2NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {400-500^{o}C}}\ 2Na_{3}BiO_{4}+H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Bi_ {2} O_ {3} + 2Na_ {2} O_ {2} + 2NaOH \ {\ xrightarrow {400-500 ^ {o} C}} \ 2Na_ {3} BiO_ {4} + H_ {2} O}}}

Application

Astringent and antiseptic.
Flux in the production of enamels, ceramics, special glasses.

Literature

Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1988. - T. 1. - 623 p.
Chemistry Handbook / Editorial: Nikolsky B.P. et al. - 2nd ed., rev. - M.-L.: Chemistry, 1966. - T. 1. - 1072 p.
Chemistry Handbook / Editorial: Nikolsky B.P. et al. - 3rd ed., rev. - L .: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
Lidin R.A. and other Chemical properties of inorganic substances: Textbook. manual for universities. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M .: Chemistry, 2000 .-- 480 p.
Ripan R., Chetyanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M .: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.