Printing fabrics , printing - getting a pattern on the fabric by applying paints on it. Printing on fabric arose earlier than printing on paper. The simplest methods, apparently, were already known in the east: for painting, part of the fabric was covered with wax , or places that were supposed to remain unpainted were connected. The technique of printing itself comes from the Copts , from Egypt ; initially it was one-color, often blue ( indigo dye was used). In the Middle Ages, fabrics appeared imitating more expensive materials ( brocade , velvet ); stuffing was done using wooden molds. In modern times, they began to use the film method, which allows creating a more complex ornament, however, wooden forms were used when folk or fabric made on a folk motif came into fashion [1] .
By the method of creating drawings, printing can be direct, etched and backup. In direct printing, dyes of dark colors are applied to a white or light fabric, during etching, a pre-dyed fabric obtains a pattern by destroying the original color when etching is applied, and when back-printing, substances (for example, wax, rice paste) are applied to the fabric to prevent coloring in places of drawing [2] .
The pattern can be applied on fabric printing machines. Dyes can be applied in a thickened state, and to fix the color of the fabric can undergo a special treatment. Vat, active dyes, pigments and so on are used; for thickening use substances capable of forming adhesive systems-thickeners ( starch , dextrin , tragantum , gum , etc.) when dissolved in water or when boiling. The composition of paints may include solvents , dispersants , oxidizing agents , reducing agents , acids , alkalis , salts , plasticizers , antifoam agents [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Lyudmila Kibalova, Olga Gerbenova, Milena Lamarova. Materials and methods for their processing // Illustrated Fashion Encyclopedia . - Prague: Artia, 1966.
- ↑ 1 2 Printing of fabrics - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
Literature
- Biryukova N. Yu. Western European printed fabrics of the 16-18th century. The collection of the State Hermitage.
M .: Art. 1973
- Kadolph, Sara J., ed .: Textiles , 10th edition, Pearson / Prentice-Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-13-118769-4
- Tozer, Jane and Sarah Levitt, Fabric of Society: A Century of People and Their Clothes 1770-1870 , Laura Ashley Press, ISBN 0-95-089130-4
Links
- Printing of fabrics // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.