Baron Jozsef Etvös von Washaroshnamen ( Hungarian Eötvös von Vásárosnamény József [ˈøtvøʃ]; September 13, 1813 , Buda - February 2, 1871 , Pest ) is a Hungarian writer , Austro-Hungarian political activist.
Jozsef Etvös | |
---|---|
Birth | |
Death | |
Father | |
Children | |
Autograph | |
Content
Youth
Born in the town of Buda, the son of Baron Ignaz Etvyos and Baroness Lilien. Having received an elite education, he entered the civil service as a deputy notary , and soon his father introduced him to the world of politics. He spent many years in Western Europe, where he met with new trends in literature and in politics, met with the leading representatives of romanticism . After returning to Hungary, he wrote his first political work, Prison Reform. He gained fame in the National Assembly of Hungary with his eloquence and scholarship. In one of his first speeches (published in 1841) he spoke in favor of granting full civil rights to Jews .
Writer and Politician
In the following years, Ötvösch distributed his ideas through the national-liberal newspaper Pesti Hírlap . He believed that the necessary reforms could only be carried out by a responsible and purely national government through an electoral system based on the self-government of Hungary. As for the peoples living in the Carpathians, he advocated a strong Hungary, which, however, should not have turned into a purely national state ; it had to fulfill the “cheap” political and linguistic demands of the awakened peoples who felt their national identity, and offer them a higher degree of freedom than the neighboring states could do.
He expressed these views in his novel “The Village Notary” (1844–1846), one of the classic works of Hungarian literature , and also in his lesser-known historical novel “The Peasant War in Hungary” (1850) and the comedy “Long Live Equality”.
In 1842 he married Anna Roshti. A happy family life did not prevent him from further developing his career as a public figure.
The 1848 Hungarian Revolution
By the time of the revolution, Ötvös had already gained a reputation as a leading writer and politician in Hungary. His eloquence had such a great influence that even Austrian Palatin , Archduke Joseph Anton Johann, had to take it into account.
During the revolution of 1848, the liberal ideas of Étvös became especially popular, and he was invited to the post of Minister of Culture in the first government of Lajos Battjani . In this government, he, along with Ferenc Deak and Istvan Széchenyi , expressed pacifist and moderate views.
In protest against the political radicalism of Lajos Kozut in the fall of 1848 Etvos emigrated to Munich . From there, he influenced events in Hungary with his publications. His work The Impact of the 19th Century Mainstream on the State (1851–1854, the German edition in Vienna and Leipzig) influenced literature and public opinion in Hungary.
After crushing the revolution
After returning to his homeland in 1851, Ötvös stood apart from all political movements. In 1859 he published the work “Guarantees of Power and Unity in Austria” (the German edition was published in Leipzig the same year). In the National Assembly of 1861, Ewos was the most loyal supporter of Ferenc Deak. The forced world that reigned in the following years allowed them to return to literary works again, and in 1866 he was elected president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Minister in the government of Gyula Andrássy
In the National Assembly conventions of 1865 and 1867. he again began the struggle on the side of Deak, with the politics of which he identified himself completely. With the formation of the government of Gyula Andrássy in February 1867, he again took up the post of Minister of Culture, in fact becoming the only one of the ministers of 1848 to re-take the post. Now he finally had the opportunity to put into practice some of his ideals. In the same year, the National Assembly approved a bill to equalize the rights of Jews. However, his other efforts aimed at religious freedom were less successful due to the resistance of the Roman Catholic Church. His great merit was the adoption of the national law on schools.
Being a good Catholic and at the same time a follower of Charles de Montalambert, Étvös expressed some doubts about the dogma of the infallibility of the pope. He firmly defended the Austro-Hungarian agreement of 1867 . During the absence of Andrassy, he presided over government meetings. Work in the government undermined his health, and he died on February 2, 1871. Already on May 3, 1879, a monument was erected in his honor on Etvyos Square in Pest.
Heritage
Jozsef Étvösz played a significant role in both Hungarian literature and politics. In his poems and novels, he expressed his philosophical views on life, society and politics. His best poems are written in the form of ballads , but his novels are much more famous.
A college named after Baron Jozsef Etosvös was founded in 1895 after the model of Paris-based Ecole-Normal in honor of Etvyos, which served for a long time as the place where the Hungarian elite went. Later, the college was incorporated into the University of Lorand Etvosha.
Works
- 1840: “Frozen Child” ( A megfagyott gyermek ), verses
- 1842: The Cartesian ( A karthauzi ), novel
- 1846: “The Country Notary” ( A falu jegyzője ), novel
- 1850: The Peasant War in Hungary ( Magyarország 1514-ben ), a historical novel
- 1850: "On Equality of Nationalities in Austria"
- 1851-54: "The influence of the dominant ideas of the 19th century on the state"
- 1858: The Sisters ( A nővérek ), novel
- 1859: "Guarantees of strength and unity of Austria"
- 1865: The Question of Nationalities ( A nemzetiségi kérdés )
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118959379 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
Literature
- Etvosh, Joseph // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Ethves, Joseph // The Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia . - SPb. 1908-1913.
- Puttkamer, Joachim von: Schulalltag und nationale Integration in Ungarn. Slowaken, Rumänen und Siebenbürger Sachsen in der Auseinandersetzung mit der ungarischen Staatsidee, Munich 2003.
- Bödy, Pál: Joseph Eötvös and the Modernization of Hungary 1840–1870, Philadelphia 1972.
Links
- http://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl_1/256.pdf
- Universitäten im östlichen Mitteleuropa: zwischen Kirche, Staat und Nation Die Universitäten in Ungarn von László Szőgi.