Turgai region (Kazakhstan)

The region was located in the central part of Kazakhstan , in the basin of the Ishim and Turgai rivers. Area - 111.9 thousand km². It bordered on Aktobe , Kustanai , Kokchetav , Tselinograd and Dzhezkazgan regions.

November 23, 1970 from the eastern and southern regions of the Kustanai region and the western regions of the Tselinograd region , the Turgai region was formed with the center in Arkalyk as part of the Kazakh SSR . June 2, 1988 the region was abolished.

In August 1990, the region was restored again. Since December 16, 1991 as part of the Republic of Kazakhstan . In 1997, the Turgai region was divided between the Kostanay region (which belonged to the territories of Amangeldy, Arkalyk, Dzhangildinsky and October districts) and the Akmola region (territories of Derzhavinsky, Esilsky, Zhaksynsky, Zhanadalinsky and Kiiminsky districts).

In 1988, the Turgai region included: 1 city of regional subordination Arkalyk and 9 districts:

National composition

In the region according to the 1970 census in the region lived: Kazakhs (32.5%), Russians (33.7%), Ukrainians (15%), as well as Germans (5.2%), Belarusians (4.7%), Tatars , Uzbeks , Bashkirs , Maris , Chuvashs , Moldavians , Udmurts , Mordovians and others. The average population density is 2.3 people per 1 km². The urban population was 31% (80 thousand people, 1975).

The economy was dominated by non-irrigated grain farming and meat and wool cattle breeding, combined with the agricultural raw materials processing industry based on them. Mining.

Energy

Energy was based on imported fuel. Small CHP plants used Karaganda and Ekibastuz coal, as well as brown coal (southern part of the Kushmurun basin). The main industries are mining (mining and primary processing of bauxite and refractory clay in Arkalyk), the production of building materials, food (flour, dairy, meat) and light (primary wool processing). Most of the industrial enterprises were located in Arkalyk and partly in Yesil and Derzhavinsk (food industry, production of building materials).

Agriculture

Among agricultural lands (10.3 million hectares in 1974) pastures prevailed (6.7 million hectares, or over 65%); hayfields amounted to 263 thousand ha, arable land - 2.9 million ha (28% of agricultural land), including 2.0 thousand ha of irrigated land. In agriculture, agricultural products accounted for 64% in 1974 (43% in 1965), and 36% for livestock products (57% in 1965).

In the northeast of the Turgai region (mainly in the Ishim river basin), non-irrigated grain farming was developed, combined with half-meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming and fine-fleeced sheep breeding. In the south-west (the Turgai river basin) - a drier territory - cattle-breeding (meat-greasy and meat-wool sheep breeding, horse breeding and camel breeding; there was cattle). In the Turgai region in 1975 there were 112 state farms, 2 collective farms and an agricultural experimental station (in the Esilsky district). The cultivated area in 1975 amounted to 2879 thousand ha, including 2503 thousand ha under grain crops (87% of the cultivated area), mainly under spring wheat (2211 thousand ha). Millet was also cultivated (64 thousand ha in the southeast), barley and fodder crops (369 thousand ha), including perennial grasses and corn for green fodder. 6.1 thousand hectares were occupied under potatoes and vegetables (including 1.6 thousand hectares on irrigated lands). The bulk of the livestock was sheep and goats (1,033.8 thousand heads as of January 1, 1975); cattle were also raised (247.1 thousand, including 78.0 thousand cows), pigs (232.1 thousand heads), poultry (large poultry farm in Arkalyk), horses (39.5 thousand heads ) In semi-desert areas and along the shores of lakes, hunting was developed.

The length of railways is 475 km (1974); the territory of the Turgai region from S.-Z. in the east they crossed the section of the South Siberian Railway ( Magnitogorsk - Tselinograd ), the Esil - Arkalyk railway line. The length of roads is 4.4 thousand km (1974), including 1902 km with hard surface; the most important of them are: Kustanay - Arkalyk , Atbasar - Kiima - Derzhavinsk - Amangeldy - Turgai , Yesil - Derzhavinsk . Turgai region is connected by air with Moscow , Alma-Ata , Kustanai , Tselinograd and other districts.

Until 1917, there were 40 comprehensive schools (about 1.3 thousand students), there were no secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. In the 1975/1976 academic year, 70.2 thousand students studied in 276 comprehensive schools of all types, 3 thousand students in 8 vocational schools of the USSR State Trade Fair System, 2.6 thousand students in 3 secondary specialized educational institutions, and pedagogical Institute in Arkalyk 1.3 thousand students. In 1975, 12.6 thousand children were brought up in 170 preschool institutions.

As of January 1, 1975, there were 257 mass libraries (1727 thousand copies of books and magazines), the regional museum of local lore in Arkalyk and the Amangeldy Imanov Memorial Museum in the village of Amangeldy, the regional music and drama theater in Arkalyk, 228 club institutions, 312 film installations. The regional newspapers Torgay Tany (Turgai Dawn; in Kazakh, since 1971) and Turgai Nova (since 1971) were published. The region received programs of the All-Union (8 hours a day) and Republican (10.5 hours a day) radio; local radio broadcasts were conducted in Kazakh and Russian at 1.5 k per day.

As of January 1, 1976, there were 47 hospitals in the Turgai Region with 3.1 thousand beds (11.3 beds per 1 thousand inhabitants); 418 doctors worked (1 doctor per 622 inhabitants).

1. Kulagin, Sergey Vitalievich (February 1992 - June 1993)
2. Kosabaev, Jacques (June 1993 - October 1995)
3. Brynkin, Vitaliy Alekseevich (October 1995 - April 1997)

• Turgai region - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• World Historical Project
• Travel to Turgay (photo)