Amelia of Great Britain (( eng. Amelia of Great Britain ), at birth Amelia Sophia Eleonora ( eng. Amelia Sophia Eleanor ), July 10, 1711 , Palace, Hanover - October 31, 1786 , Soho , London ) is the second daughter of the King of Great Britain , Ireland and Hanover, George II , and Carolina Brandenburg-Ansbach , never married.
Amelia British | |||||||
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English Amelia of Great Britain | |||||||
Jean Baptiste Van Loo . Portrait of Princess Amelia of Great Britain (1738) | |||||||
Coat of arms of Princess Amelia British | |||||||
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Birth | July 10, 1711 Palace , Hannover | ||||||
Death | October 31, 1786 (75 years) , Soho , London | ||||||
Burial place | Westminster Abbey] | ||||||
Rod | Hanoverian House | ||||||
Birth name | Amelia Sophia Eleanor | ||||||
Father | George II | ||||||
Mother | Carolina Brandenburg-Ansbach | ||||||
Biography
Early life
Princess Amelia Sofia Elelenor was born on July 10, 1711 in the , Hannover [1] [2] . Her parents were the future King of Great Britain, George, a representative of the House of Hanover, and his wife Carolina Brandenburg-Ansbach . She became the second daughter and the third child in a family of nine children. Her grandparents from her father were the elector of Hanover, George I , who in 1714 inherited the crown of Great Britain from her second cousin , and Sophia Dorothea, Princess of Alden . On the maternal side, the princess was the granddaughter of Johann Friedrich , the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , and Eleanor of Saxe-Eisenach [3] .
As the granddaughter of the Elector of Hanover, Amelia wore the title of "Her Serene Highness Princess Amelia Hanover" from birth. According to the Act of the throne of 1711 at the time of her birth, the princess ranked sixth in inheritance of the British throne after her great-grandmother , grandfather, father, brother and sister . In the family she was called Emily [2] .
Princess of Great Britain
On August 1, 1714, after the death of the childless Queen Anne, Amelia's grandfather assumed the British throne, becoming the first monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the House of Hanover. The girl's father received the title of Duke of Cornish and the Prince of Wales , as heir to the throne of the first stage. On September 27, 1714, Amelia received the title "Her Royal Highness the Princess of Great Britain and Irish". Together with her mother and the whole family, they moved to London, occupying the chambers of St. James's Palace [2] .
As a child, Amelia was sick a lot [4] , but later she was able to recover from all ailments and live a full life [5] . At the insistence of the mother, who supported modern medicine at the time, Amelia and other children were vaccinated against smallpox , popularized by Mary Wortley Montague and [6] . On June 11, 1727 George I passed away. Amelia's father took the throne under the name of King George II. With her father, the princess spent a lot of time, and was beside him until his death in 1760. Aunt Amelia, the king's sister, Sophia Dorothea of Hanover , Queen of Prussia, invited her to marry her eldest son, Crown Prince Frederick , the future Frederick the Great. But this party was not supported by the husband of Sophia Dorothea, King Frederick William I , who later married his son on Elizabeth Christine of Brunswick [7] [2] . Princess Amelia could have been the mother of composer , through a bond with a commoner named Thomas Arnold [2] .
Among the hobbies of the princess were horse riding and hunting [8] . Lady Pamphlet, a contemporary of Amelia, wrote about the princess, that "she is one of the most unusual British princesses, who covers her ears for all kinds of flattery, and her heart has nowhere to be honest" [5] .
Follow Life
In 1751, Princess Amelia became the caretaker of Royal Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole . After taking the post, she closed the park to the public, which caused strong indignation. According to her instructions, only family members and a few close friends were allowed into the park. This continued until 1758, when the local brewer John Lewis was banned from entering the park. He went to court demanding permission to visit the park. The plaintiff referred to the fact that King Charles I , being imprisoned within the park, allowed the public to visit him. Princess Amelia subsequently reversed her decision and opened the park to the general public [2] .
Amelia was actively involved in charity. Under her patronage were several similar organizations. In 1760, she donated £ 100 to the society of poor orphans of clergy. This amount went to pay for training for 21 girls from families of priests in England. In 1783, and before her death, she donated 25 pounds per year to the construction of a new infirmary in Northampton . In 1761, Amelia became the owner of the estate. Under her leadership, a large park was established. Between 1777 and 1784, she also owned baths, which in the 20th century were included in English heritage and named after her - “Princess Amelia's Baths” [9] . The king’s daughter owned a property in in London ’s Soho District, where she died on October 31, 1786, having outlived all of her brothers and sisters. After her death, a pendant was found on her neck with a miniature portrait of Prince Frederick, her failed spouse [10] . They buried the king's daughter in the at Westminster Abbey [2] .
In honor of Princess Amelia, daughter of King George II, Amelia Island islands off the coast of the United States [11] are named, as well as Amelia County in Virginia , USA [12] .
Coat of arms
Genealogy
Notes
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 24
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Panton, 2011 , p. 45.
- Me Amelia Sophia Eleanor Hanover, Princess of Great Britain (Eng.) . - Profile on Thepeerage.com.
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 82
- ↑ 1 2 Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 130.
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 83
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 118.
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , pp. 107, 129.
- ↑ Princess Amelia's Bath-House (English) . - Baths of Princess Amelia.
- ↑ Van der Kiste, 1997 , p. 196.
- ↑ Amelia Island (Eng.) . - Official site of the Amelia Island.
- ↑ Amelia County (Eng.) . - Official site of Amelia County.
Literature
- Panton, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy: [ eng ] . - London: Scarebrow Press, Inc., 2011. - P. 45. - 722 p. - ISBN 0-8108-5779-0 .
- Van der Kiste, John. George II and Queen Caroline: [ eng ] . - Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1997. - P. 24, 45, 82—83, 107, 118, 129-130, 196. - 230 p. - ISBN 0750913215 .
Links
- Amelia Sophia Eleanor Hanover (English) . “The grave of Princess Amelia.”
- Amalia, princesa de Gran Bretaña y Irlanda (isp.) . - Profile on Geneall.net.
- Amelia Sophia Eleanor Hanover, Princess of Great Britain (eng.) . - Profile on Thepeerage.com.