Josephine Garis Cochrane (sometimes Cochrane English; Josephine Garis Cochrane ; March 8, 1839 , Ohio - August 3, 1913 , Chicago , USA ) - American inventor . In 1850, a certain Joel Goughton invented and patented a dishwashing machine. Josephine Garys Cochrane built a mechanized dishwasher in 1886 . According to legend, being upset that items from the family china service beat during the washing process, she said: “If no one is going to invent a dishwasher, I will do it myself!” ("If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine, I'll do it myself!" [1] ).
| Josephine Cochrane | |
|---|---|
| Josephine | |
| Birth name | Josephine |
| Date of Birth | March 8, 1839 |
| Place of Birth | Ohio , USA |
| Date of death | August 3, 1913 ( 74) |
| Place of death | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Citizenship | USA |
| Occupation | inventor |
| Father | John Garis |
| Mother | Irene Fitch Garis, |
| Spouse | William Cochran (married from 1858 to 1883) |
| Children | Holly Cochran, Katherine Cochran |
| Awards and prizes | Chicago World's Fair 1893 |
Content
Biography
The early years
Josephine was born March 8, 1839 in Ashtabula County, Ohio , and raised in Valparaiso , Indiana . Cochrane was the daughter of John Garis, a civil engineer, and Irene Fitch Garis. Her maternal grandfather, John Fitch, was the inventor and received a patent for the ship .
Marriage and children
Moving to her sister's house in Shelbyville, Illinois, she married William Cochran on October 13, 1858. William returned a year earlier with an unsuccessful attempt at the California Gold Rush , but later became a prosperous haberdasher merchant and politician of the Democratic Party [2] [3] . Josephine and William had 2 children: Halle and Katherine [4] .
In 1870, she became secular, and the family moved to the mansion. There, Cochrane began to have dinner parties using heirloom china dating back to the 1600s. When the servants casually chopped off some dishes, this prompted her to look for the best alternative to washing dishes by hand [5] . She also wanted to relieve tired housewives of the obligation to wash dishes after eating [6] . Another reason that motivated Josephine was that her husband died in 1883 when she was 45 years old.
Death
Josephine died on August 3, 1913 in Chicago from a stroke. She was buried on August 14 at the Glenwood Cemetery in Shelbyville.
Cochrane Dishwasher
Other attempts have been made to create a commercially acceptable dishwasher. In 1850, Joel Houghton developed a hand-knee dishwasher. [7] In the 1860s, L.A. Alexander improved the device using a gear mechanism that allowed the user to rotate dishes through a bath of water. None of these devices were particularly effective [8] .
Cochrane developed the first model of her dishwasher in a barn behind her home in Shelbyville, Illinois. [9] George Butters was a mechanic who helped her build a dishwasher; He also worked at the first dishwasher factory. To assemble the machine, she first measured the dishes and built wire compartments, each of which was specially designed for plates, cups, or saucers. Compartments were placed inside the wheel, which lay inside the copper boiler. The motor turned the wheel, while hot soapy water sprayed from the bottom of the boiler and fell on the dishes. Her dishwasher was the first to use water pressure instead of scrubbers to clean the dishes inside the machine [10] . After obtaining the patent on December 28, 1886 [11] . Cochrane demonstrated her invention at the 1893 World Columbia Exhibition in Chicago and received the highest award for "the best mechanical design, durability and adaptation to her work." Rumors spread, and Cochrane soon received orders for his dishwasher from Illinois restaurants and hotels. Garis-Cochrane's factory business began production in 1897. Cochrane showed her new car at the Chicago Fair in 1893, and at that time she was only interested in restaurants and hotels. At that time, she was able to find a company to manufacture her cars. This company is now known as Kitchen Aid .
Only in the 1950s, dishwashers became a common household item after new suburban homes were built with the plumbing necessary to work with additional hot water [12] .
Notes
- ↑ Bellis, Mary. Josephine Cochran - Inventor of the Dishwasher The New York Times Company, http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldishwasher.htm
- ↑ Forgotten Newsmakers: Josephine Cochrane (1839–1913) Invented the Dishwasher
- ↑ John. Engines of our Enginuity . Inventing the Dishwasher (1999). Date of treatment April 4, 2015.
- ↑ NNBD tracking the entire world .
- ↑ Ed Sobey. The Way Kitchens Work: The Science Behind the Microwave, Teflon Pan, Garbage Disposal, and More . - Chicago Review Press, 2010 .-- P. 41. - ISBN 978-1613743072 .
- ↑ Inventing the Dishwasher . Parts Select . Eldis Group Partnership (2015). Date of treatment April 10, 2015.
- ↑ Mary Ellen Snodgrass. Encyclopedia of Kitchen History . - Routledge, 2004. - P. 320. - ISBN 978-1-135-45572-9 .
- ↑ Hilpirn . The Secret History of: The Dishwasher , www.independent.co.uk , The Independent (October 29, 2010). Date of treatment May 6, 2014.
- ↑
- ↑ Johanna. Portland's Walk of the Heroines . woh.pdx.edu . Date of treatment April 4, 2015. Archived on May 8, 2015.
- ↑ US Patent No. 355139A: Dish-washing machine
- ↑ Lemelson-MIT . Josephine Cochrane . Lemelson-MIT Program. Date of treatment April 5, 2015.