Mediastinitis is an inflammation of the mediastinum . Distinguish between acute and chronic mediastinitis.
| Mediastinitis | |
|---|---|
| ICD-10 | J 98.5 |
| ICD-10-KM | and |
| ICD-9 | 519.2 |
| ICD-9-KM | |
| Diseasesdb | 7909 |
| Medlineplus | 000081 |
| eMedicine | med / 2798 |
| Mesh | D008480 |
Acute mediastinitis is usually of a bacterial nature and develops in connection with damage to the mediastinal organs. In this case, the infectious process develops rapidly, which makes acute mediastinitis a life-threatening condition. Chronic (sclerosing, fibrosing) mediastinitis, a potentially serious condition, is caused by slowly occurring inflammation of the mediastinum, leading to the growth of collagen and fibrous tissue around the vessels and respiratory tract. The causes, treatment and prognosis of acute and chronic mediastinitis are different.
Content
- 1 Etiology and treatment
- 1.1 Acute mediastinitis
- 1.2 Chronic mediastinitis
- 2 notes
- 3 References
Etiology and treatment
Acute mediastinitis
Prior to the development of modern cardiovascular surgery, cases of acute mediastinitis were caused by perforation of the esophagus or contact spread of odontogenic or retropharyngeal infection. However, in modern medicine, most cases of acute mediastinitis are complications of cardiovascular or endoscopic surgical procedures.
For treatment, aggressive intravenous antibacterial therapy and hydration are usually used. In the case of abscess formation or a significant spread of infection, drainage or surgical debridement of the mediastinum may be indicated.
Chronic mediastinitis
Chronic mediastinitis is usually diagnosed radiologically and is manifested by diffuse mediastinal soft tissue fibrosis. Sometimes this condition develops due to a previous granulomatous disease, most often histoplasmosis . Also, chronic mediastinitis may develop after tuberculosis or radiation therapy . Fibrosing mediastinitis is most often complicated by compression of the vessels or respiratory tract of the mediastinum, which can be manifested by superior vena cava syndrome or pulmonary edema due to compression of the pulmonary veins.
The effect of the treatment of chronic mediastinitis is doubtful, steroids or surgical decompression of compressed vessels are usually used for therapy.
Notes
- β Disease Ontology release 2019-05-13 - 2019-05-13 - 2019.
- β Monarch Disease Ontology release 2018-06-29sonu - 2018-06-29 - 2018.