Adolphe Nielle ( French Adolphe Niel ; October 4, 1802 - August 13, 1869 ) - French statesman and military leader, life senator (June 9, 1859), Marshal of France (June 25, 1859).
| Adolf Niel | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fr. Adolphe niel | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Marshal Niel | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Date of Birth | October 4, 1802 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Muret (France) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Date of death | August 13, 1869 (66 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of death | Paris | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation |  France | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of army | engineering troops | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1823-1869 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank |  Marshal of France | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commanded | Minister of War of France | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Battles / wars | French conquest of Algeria , Roman expedition , Crimean war Austro-Italo-French War | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Biography
In 1837 he distinguished himself in Algeria during the assault on Constantine .
From May 12, 1849, he was the chief of staff, and from July 14, 1849, he was the chief of engineers of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force under General Valian , who led the siege work against Rome .
On February 12, 1850, he was the head of the engineering service of the Ministry of War, on March 21, 1851 he was a member of the Committee on Fortifications, and on June 6, 1851, the inspector general of the engineering troops of the 5th, from February 28, 1852 of the 7th district, simultaneously, from 21 March 1851 to 1857 member of the Council of State.
From May 28, 1852, the Inspector General of Engineering Troops of the 7th District, from April 30, 1853 he was again a member of the Committee on Fortifications, and from May 7, 1853, the Inspector General of Engineering Troops of the 6th District.
From July 3, 1854, the chief of engineers of the Baltic Expeditionary Force: in 1854, participated in the capture of Bomarzund . From January 8, 1855 to June 17, 1857, a member of the Committee on Fortifications and until June 25, 1859, adjutant general of Emperor Napoleon III . In January 1855, Emperor Napoleon III sent Niel to the Crimea to familiarize himself with the situation near Sevastopol , where he then managed the siege operations from May 3, 1855, as chief of engineers.
From December 21, 1855, a member of the Committee on Fortifications, from June 17, 1857, Inspector General of the Engineering Troops of the 2nd District.
From April 22, 1859, commanding the IV Corps of the Alpine and then the Italian Army, he participated in the battles of Magente and Ponte Nuovo, distinguished himself in the battle of Solferino and was awarded the marshal's baton.
Since August 17, 1859, the commander of the 6th Military District (Toulouse). Since June 5, 1865, the Commander-in-Chief of the Shalons Camp.
On January 20, 1867, Napoleon III, undertaking fundamental reforms in the French army, entrusted this matter to Niel, who was appointed Minister of War (ministre secrétaire d'Etat à la Guerre). Of his works known: "Siège de Bomarsund" (P., 1855) and "Siège de Sebastopol".
In honor of the marshal, a variety of roses is named.
Military ranks
- 1823 Sr. Lieutenant
- 1825 lieutenant
- 1829 First Lieutenant
- 25.1.1829 captain
- 12/24/1837 chief of the battalion (major)
- 1842 lieutenant colonel
- May 1846 Colonel
- July 13, 1849 Brigadier General
- April 30, 1854 Division General
- June 25, 1859 Marshal of France
Rewards
- Legion of Honor :
- Cavalier of the big cross (22.9.1855)
- Great Officer (28.4.1854)
- Commander (10.5.1852)
- Officer (17.4.1845)
- Cavalier (10.21.1838)
- Military Medal (4.7.1859)
- Italian Campaign Medal (10/18/1859)
- Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen , the Grand Cross ( Austria-Hungary , 1867)
- Order of the Baths , companion (United Kingdom, 3.1.1856)
- Baltic Medal (Great Britain, 23.4.1857)
- Crimean Medal (Great Britain, 2.5.1857)
- Order of Frederick , Grand Cross ( Kingdom of Württemberg , 16.5.1856)
- Order of St. George and Reunion , Knight ( Kingdom of both Sicilies , 07.25.1849)
- Medgidian Order of the 2nd degree ( Ottoman Empire , between 17 and 27.3.1856)
- 1st Class Ottoman Order (Ottoman Empire, 1867)
- Order of St. Gregory the Great , Big Cross ( Papal Region , 11/14/1854)
- Order of St. Gregory the Great, commander (Papal Region, 4.7.1849)
- Medal in memory of the restoration of the power of the pontiff (Papal region, 1849)
- Order of the Tower and the Sword , large cross (Portugal, 11/21/1867)
- Supreme Order of the Holy Annunciation ( Sardinian Kingdom , 5.8.1859)
- Order of the Saints of Mauritius and Lazarus , Big Cross (Sardinian Kingdom, 8/29/1856)
- Savoy Military Order Grand Cross (Sardinian Kingdom, 1859)
- Order of the Seraphim (Sweden, 3.9.1867)
- Order of the Sword , big cross (Sweden, 12/14/1858)
Literature
- Niel, Adolf // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.