Karl Antonovich Kebach ( German: Carolus Antonius Keebach ; August 7, 1799 , Sigmaringen - May 5, 1851 , Livadia ) - botanist , plant grower, gardener . From December 1824 to April 1851 he created the Vorontsov Park in Alupka [1] . The main gardener of the Southern coast of Crimea .
| Karl Anatolyevich Kebach | |
|---|---|
| him Carolus Antonius Keebach | |
| Date of Birth | August 7, 1799 |
| Place of Birth | Sigmaringen |
| Date of death | May 5, 1851 (51 years old) |
| Place of death | Livadia |
| Occupation | gardener |
Content
Biography
Kebah Gardeners Dynasty
He was born in Sigmaringen in the family of the senior court gardener of the princes of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen - August Kebach (14.08. 1770 - 24.10. 1834 ) and his wife Maria Anna, nee Pammert from Hechingen ( 1781 - 28.11. 1838 ) [2] .
For three centuries from the 18th to the 20th century, all Kebahs , with the exception of Karl Anton, served as gardeners in their homeland in Germany . Of these, Juliusz ( 1838 - 1913 ) and probably his son Max ( 1877 - 1944 ) inherited the position of senior gardener Sigmaringen , and only the last of the descendants - another Max Kebach ( 1911 - 1984 ) - moved to Vienna and began working as a gardener in the park of the famous Schönbrunn castle [3] .
In the service of M.S. Vorontsov in Alupka
At the very end of the summer of 1824, Augustus-Karl was offered to enter the service of the Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory Count Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov ( 1782 - 1856 ) in the newly acquired estate in Crimea .
In 1828, on the western border of the park, next to the nursery and greenhouses, he built a small cozy house of three rooms in the Gothic style , depicted in Massimo Gauchi's lithography of 1830 .
In 1826, the Tauride governor Dmitry Vasilyevich Naryshkin visited Alupka and was pleased with what he saw, which he informed Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov :
| Gardener Kebah is very hardworking and knowledgeable, has already cleared the gardens and made new roads [4] . |
It was about the upper section of the park, purchased from Colonel Revelioti , there grew cypress trees planted in the 1880s (?. G. Potemkin died in 1791) by order of His Grace Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin-Tavrichesky , who intended on the advice of his English gardener Gould make a botanical garden from Alupka . A year later, Revelioti arrived here.
Fulfilling the will of the owners to make Alupka a “ winter garden under the open sky”, he had to plant many exotic trees, at the same time testing them for engraftment in a new natural environment for them. From the reports of the managers it can be seen that Kebach maintained the closest relations with many well-known botanical gardens in Russia and Europe , as well as with the largest nurseries and constantly contacted the second director of the Imperial Nikitsky Economics and Botanical Garden Nikolai Andreyevich Gartvis ( 1792 - 1860 ), from whom he received rare planting material. Everything that appeared in Nikita immediately migrated to Alupka . And in this regard, she was the second after the introduction site in the Crimea after Nikita .
Already in the early 1830s , Kebakh was called the Chief Gardener of the Southern Coast of Crimea , and all the neighboring landowners invited him to consult with them about the plantings and plans of their gardens and parks. Kebah’s handwriting can still be recognized in the ancient parks of Foros , Tessel, Melas, Gaspra , Oreanda, Ai-Vasile, Massandra , Martyan, Miskhor , which once belonged to the Vorontsovs or their close relatives - the Naryshkins and Pototsky .
In 1829, only two students were subordinate to him, who were paid 300 rubles each. per year, and in 1836 from the savings reports you can find out that there were three students behind him with the same salary, one with a payment of 144 rubles and two who received only 120 rubles a year. In addition, for training in gardening in 1830, 30 boys from 8 to 17 years old were sent to the Vorontsovs' estates from Odessa . Of these, 15 oldest children were appointed to Alupka , 5 to Ai-Danil, and 4 to Massandra [5] .
At the beginning of 1839, in Alupka, with the direct participation of the architect W. Gunt and Kebach, they began large earthworks to build terraces in front of the southern facade of the palace, create small forms of architecture in a landscape park and improve the rest of the estate.
Family
Karl Kebach married in Alupka to a woman named Anna. He had sons from her - Anton and Frederick and two daughters - Charlotte and Louise. The eldest - Anton was born in Alupka in February 1840 .
Notes
- ↑ Sights of Crimea, August-September 2007. Alupka Palace Museum (Vorontsov Palace).
- ↑ Crimean history of Karl Kebach (the article was published in the book "Materials of the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Germans' resettlement in Crimea on June 6-10, 2004) A. A. Galichenko
- ↑ [Information extracted from the notarial acts of the Catholic City Abbey of St. Johann on the initiative of the spouses Jerzy and Galina Plyut from Gdansk, director of the Sigmaringen archive, Frau Maren Kun-Refus in 1989]
- ↑ [GIM. - F.60, d.20, l.7.]
- ↑ [GIM. - F.60, d.26, l.109.]
Links
- Galichenko A. A. Crimean history of Karl Kebach
- Kolyada E. M. Creativity of K. Kebach in the context of the development of landscape gardening art of the Crimea of the XX - beginning of the XXI century // Actual problems of the theory and history of art : collection. scientific articles. Issue 8. / Ed. S.V. Maltseva, E. Yu. Stanyukovich-Denisova, A.V. Zakharova. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State University, 2018.P. 372-382. ISSN 2312-2129.