Buinitsky, Ignat Terentyevich

He was born on August 10 (22), 1861 in the estate of Polivachi, now in the Glubokoe district of the Vitebsk region, in the family of the small gentry of the coat of arms " Swan ", Tarquinius-Teofil Zigfridov-Giyatsintov Buinitsky (1824-1896) ^[2] . He graduated from the Riga Surveying School. He received his acting education by attending a private drama studio in Vilnius. For some time he worked as a surveyor. Driving through the villages of Novogrudok, Mogilyov, Polotsk, Ashmyan counties, he watched the life of ordinary people, and recorded their customs, songs, dances. In 1907, Ignat Terentyevich, together with his daughters Wanda and Elena, as well as with his close friends, created an amateur troupe in the Polivachi folklore. In the summer of 1910, a permanent group was formed on its basis and long tours around Belarus began. In 1913, Buinitsky organized the Prozorok Belarusian Credit Society, in which every peasant could get a loan at a small percentage. Ignat Buinitsky married Frantishka Brzhozovskaya, from this marriage he left three daughters. In 1899, Buinitsky’s wife died and he married again, on Maria Onoshko. Soon two more daughters of Ignat Terentyevich were born - Eugene (1900-1976; first married to Bogdan Rymvid-Mitskevich; the second - to Schepansky) and Anatoly-Iolant (1903-1929; husband - Stanislav-Yan Valeryanovich Grushetsky). In 1914-1916, Buinitsky took an active part in the activities of the Vilnius society “To Help the Front”, and in 1917 he went to the Western Front of World War I ^[3] on September 22, 1917, died on stage during a rehearsal (he was engaged in amateur performances). At first he was buried there, in Molodechno, but later reburied in Prozoroki on the central square ^[4] .

Ignat Buinitsky began theatrical activity with holding Belarusian parties on his estate, in which watering guys and girls took part. In 1907, Ignat Terentyevich, together with his daughters Wanda and Elena, as well as with his close friends, created an amateur group in the Polivachi folklore. The feature of the performances was that the Belarusian language sounded from the stage, folk dances familiar to ordinary people were performed. The team of Ignat Buinitsky began to gain popularity, and rural artists were invited to take part in the first public Belarusian party, which took place on February 12, 1910 in Vilnius. The performance of the troupe was so successful that Ignat Terentyevich decided to create a professional theater. In 1910-1913, the troupe toured not only in Belarus, but also in Vilnius, St. Petersburg, Warsaw ^[3] .

The troupe’s performances were built in an original way: first poems were read, after the performance itself, then the choir performed Belarusian folk songs, and in the finale dancers appeared on stage ^[5] . Ignat Buinitsky himself staged plays, often played them. The theater was supported by progressive figures of Belarusian culture: Yanka Kupala , Yakub Kolas , Zmitrok Byadulya , Eliza Orzeszko , Aunt (the latter often performed at the Ignat Buynitsky Theater). Wealthy fans gave Buinitsky gold rings. Postcards with his image were issued.

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The repertoire included more than a dozen dances (" Lyavonikha ", "Yurka", "Sparrow", "Snowstorm", "Miller", "Antoshka", "Kochan", "Cheryomukha", "Polka" and others). Folk songs were helped by the composer L. Rogovsky and the choirmaster of the troupe J. Feoktistov. Among these songs are “Duda-jolly”, “Ah you blow”, “Pillow”, “Beyond the mountains, beyond the forests”, “Oh you oak”, “Geese flew in”. Famous plays of Belarusian and Ukrainian playwrights were staged: M. Krapivnitsky's “By Revision” and “Sewed in Fools”, E. Orzeszko “Ham” and “In the Winter Evening”, K. Kaganets “Fashionable Gentry” ^[6] . The theater was provided with income from the estate of Polivachi. In 1913, material difficulties appeared, and the tsarist authorities put pressure on the theater, so the troupe had to be dissolved. Despite all the difficulties, in 1914 Ignat Buinitsky tried to recreate the theater, but this time the war interferes ^[3] .

In 1917, Buinitsky was one of the initiators of the creation of the “ First Partnership of Belarusian Drama and Comedy ” in Minsk, on the basis of which the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theater arose ^[1] .

A monument was erected in Buinitsky’s homeland ( 1976 , sculptor I. Misko ) and a street was named in Minsk and in the city of Glubokoe .

• Yes, stagodzia on the day of the day I. Ts. Buinitskaga // Belarus mastastva. - Mn., 1962. issue 3.
• Sabaleўski, A.V. Chrestamaty na gіstoryi of the Belarusian theater and playwright ii. T. 1. - Mn., 1975.S. 308-326.
• Buinitsky Ignat Terentyevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

• Buinitsky, Ignat Terentyevich at the Rodovod . Tree of ancestors and descendants