Alexander Panfomirovich Nikolaev (1860-1919) - major general, hero of the First World War, participant in the Civil War in Russia.
| Alexander Panfomirovich Nikolaev | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | August 19, 1860 |
| Date of death | May 28, 1919 (58 years old) |
| Place of death | Yamburg |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire RSFSR |
| Type of army | infantry |
| Rank | major general brigade commander |
| Commanded | 169th Novotrok Infantry Regiment , brigade of the 19th Infantry Division , 19th Infantry Division , 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Petrograd Infantry Division of the Red Army |
| Battles / Wars | Russo-Japanese War , World War I , Civil War in Russia |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Stanislav 3rd century. (1897), Order of St. Anne , 3rd art. (1902), Order of St. Stanislav , 2nd art. (1904), Order of St. Vladimir , 4th art. (1905), Order of St. Anne , 4th art. (1905), Golden weapon “For courage” (1905), Order of St. Anne , 2nd art. (1911), Order of St. Vladimir , 3rd art. (1915), Order of St. George , 4th art. (1915), Order of the Red Banner (1920) |
Content
Biography
The son of a soldier, born August 19, 1860. He received his primary education at home, after which on December 1, 1877 he was accepted for military service as a volunteer and was soon enrolled in the Moscow Infantry Junker School .
Released on September 29, 1882 as an ensign in the 17th reserve infantry personnel battalion. Then he received the rank of second lieutenant (August 30, 1884), lieutenant (October 25, 1888), staff captain (March 15, 1891) and captain (May 6, 1900). For 12 and a half years he commanded a company.
In 1903, Nikolaev with the mark "successfully" took a course of science at the Officer Rifle School.
In the ranks of the 2nd East Siberian Rifle Regiment, Nikolaev took part in the Russo-Japanese War , was wounded and promoted to lieutenant colonel on 12 January 1905 for military distinctions. By the highest order of March 16, 1905, he was awarded the Golden Arms with the inscription "For Courage . "
Then he served in the 169th infantry regiment Novotroksky , where since 1906 he commanded the 1st battalion .
After the outbreak of World War I, Nikolaev was appointed commander of the Novotrok Infantry Regiment. By the highest order of June 10, 1915, Nikolaev was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree
| For the fact that in battle 10 Feb. 1915, being the head of the right fighting section and being under strong artillery, machine gun and rifle fire, after a stubborn battle, a foul took hold. The kulakovschism, which retained the fighting in the following days, which facilitated our actions in the direction of the heights of 100.3 and 89.9, which had great military significance in the battles of Grodno . |
On December 23, 1915 Nikolaev was promoted to major general (seniority in the rank was established from February 10 of the same year). From May 3, 1916, Nikolaev commanded the brigade of the 19th Infantry Division , and by the beginning of the October Revolution he headed this division itself.
After the revolution, he took the side of the Bolsheviks, from the moment the Red Army was organized, he served in it, led the Nevsky District Commissariat for Military Affairs and commanded the detachment for the protection of communications on the Neva . Since June 1918, Nikolaev was a brigade commander and commanded the 3rd brigade of the 2nd Petrograd Infantry Division and fought against the whites near Yamburg and Gdov .
On the night of March 13, 1919, during the onset of the offensive of parts of the Northern Corps of General Rodzianko against the Red Army units subordinate to Nikolaev, an unexpected attack by the whites was captured along with the headquarters of the left combat unit of the 6th Infantry Division in the vicinity of the village of Popkova Gora south of Narva . May 28, 1919 was hanged in Yamburg .
| In the afternoon, General Suvorov told how our officers had interrogated the tsarist general of Nikolaev, who had been taken prisoner by us during a fight with the Bolsheviks, before execution. General Nikolaev said: “You are all criminals, you go to Russia with self-appointed generals, and we, as the military, are subordinate to the government; legally or illegally it is not our soldier’s business. ” The officers who judged Nikolaev hesitated, and if it had not been for the fear of the soldiers who would have protested against the pardon of the Bolshevik general, when the Bolshevik soldiers were merciless, he would have mercy. I had to pronounce him a death sentence. |
[one]
After the liberation of Yamburg from the whites, the body of Nikolaev was transported to Petrograd and buried in the Nikolsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra .
On February 7, 1920, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council, Nikolaev was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner .
Rewards
Among other awards, Nikolaev had orders:
- Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree (1897, swords and a bow to this order were granted on August 14, 1916)
- Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree (1902)
- Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree with swords (1904)
- Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and bow (1905)
- Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree (1905)
- Golden weapon with the inscription "For courage" (March 16, 1906)
- Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree (1911)
- Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree with swords (1915)
- Order of St. George 4th degree (June 10, 1915)
- Order of the Red Banner (February 7, 1920)
Notes
- ↑ M.S. Margulies. Year of intervention. Berlin, 1923.V.2. S.171
Sources
- Volkov S.V. The Generality of the Russian Empire. Encyclopedic dictionary of generals and admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. Volume II. L — I. - M., 2009. - S. 212. - ISBN 978-5-9524-4167-5
- The highest orders of the military department. To No. 1295 of the Scout. - S. 951
- Lazarev S.A. Heroes of the Great War. Known and unknown. - SPb., 2007. - S. 169, 356-357. - ISBN 978-5-98655-035-0
- Ismailov E.E. Golden weapon with the inscription "For courage." Lists of gentlemen 1788-1913. - M., 2007. - S. 373, 553. - ISBN 978-5-903473-05-2
- List to the generals by seniority . Corrected on July 10, 1916 - Pg., 1916. - S. 148.
- A list of senior colonels. Compiled on March 1, 1914 - St. Petersburg, 1914. - S. 748
- Ratkovsky I. S. 1918-1919 in the history of the Aleksandrovsky (Oktyabrsky) car repair plant and the country: the fate of General A.P. Nikolaev and Socialist-Revolutionary Ivan Sergeyev // History. Scientific Review OSTKRAFT. 2019.No5 (11).
- Shabanov V.M. Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and George the Victorious. Nominal lists 1769-1920. Biobibliographic reference. - M., 2004. - S. 664. - ISBN 5-89577-059-2
- Nikolaev, Alexander Panfomirovich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War."