Swarts reaction

The Swarts reaction is the replacement of one or more halogen atoms in polyhalogenated compounds with fluorine or by reaction with antimony trifluoride or anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of antimony pentachloride when they are heated (usually around 100 ° C) ^[1] . The reaction of the exchange of halogen in organohalogen compounds to fluorine was discovered by the Belgian chemist F. Swarts in 1892 ^[2] .

The Swarts reaction is widely used to obtain organofluorine compounds . In laboratory conditions, antimony trifluoride ^[3] ^[4] ^{[5] is} used as a fluorinating agent, and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride ^[6] ^[7] under industrial conditions. Examples of Swarts reaction:

{\mathsf {CCl_{4}+HF\rightarrow CCl_{3}F+HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + HF \ rightarrow CCl_ {3} F + HCl}}}

{\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + HF \ rightarrow CCl_ {3} F + HCl}}

{\mathsf {CCl_{4}+2HF\rightarrow CCl_{2}F_{2}+2HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + 2HF \ rightarrow CCl_ {2} F_ {2} + 2HCl}}}

{\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + 2HF \ rightarrow CCl_ {2} F_ {2} + 2HCl}}

{\mathsf {CCl_{4}+3HF\rightarrow CClF_{3}+3HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + 3HF \ rightarrow CClF_ {3} + 3HCl}}}

{\ mathsf {CCl_ {4} + 3HF \ rightarrow CClF_ {3} + 3HCl}}

Organofluorine products obtained under industrial conditions - chlorofluorocarbons , trichlorofluoromethane ( Freon 11), difluorodichloromethane (Freon 12), trifluorochloromethane (Freon 13) - play an important environmental role in relation to substances that affect the Earth’s ozone layer.

In accordance with the 1985 Vienna Convention and the 1987 Montreal Protocol , the production of ozone-depleting fluorocarbons is prohibited.

Notes

↑ Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. Editor I. L. Knunyants . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.- S. 517. - 792 p. - 100,000 copies.
↑ Swarts F. Bull. Acad. royal med.Belg. - 1892. - T. 24. - 474 p.
↑ Gudlitsky M. Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds II / Ed. A.P. Sergeeva. - Per. from Czech Yu. I. Weinstein. - M .: Goskhimizdat, 1961 .-- 372 p.
↑ Lovleis A., Roach D., Postelnyk U. Aliphatic fluorine-containing compounds / ed. I. L. Knunyantsa. - Per. from English A.V. Fokina, R.N. Sterlina, A.A. Skladneva. - M .: Intilitizdat, 1961 .-- 346 p.
↑ Sheppard W., Sharts K. Organic chemistry of fluorine / ed. I. L. Knunyantsa. - Per. from English - M .: Mir, 1972. - 480 p.
↑ Industrial organofluorine products. Reference publication / B. N. Maksimov, V. G. Barabanov, I. L. Serushkin. - 2nd ed., Trans. and add. - SPb. : “Chemistry”, 1996. - 544 p. - ISBN 5-7245-1043-X .
↑ Vereshchagina N. S., Golubev A. N., Dedov A. S., Zakharov V. Yu. Russian Chemical Journal. Journal of the Russian Chemical Society. D.I. Mendeleev. - 2000. - T. XLIV. - S. 110-114.

[1] Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. Editor I. L. Knunyants . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.- S. 517. - 792 p. - 100,000 copies.

[2] Swarts F. Bull. Acad. royal med.Belg. - 1892. - T. 24. - 474 p.

[3] Gudlitsky M. Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds II / Ed. A.P. Sergeeva. - Per. from Czech Yu. I. Weinstein. - M .: Goskhimizdat, 1961 .-- 372 p.

[4] Lovleis A., Roach D., Postelnyk U. Aliphatic fluorine-containing compounds / ed. I. L. Knunyantsa. - Per. from English A.V. Fokina, R.N. Sterlina, A.A. Skladneva. - M .: Intilitizdat, 1961 .-- 346 p.

[5] Sheppard W., Sharts K. Organic chemistry of fluorine / ed. I. L. Knunyantsa. - Per. from English - M .: Mir, 1972. - 480 p.

[6] Industrial organofluorine products. Reference publication / B. N. Maksimov, V. G. Barabanov, I. L. Serushkin. - 2nd ed., Trans. and add. - SPb. : “Chemistry”, 1996. - 544 p. - ISBN 5-7245-1043-X .

[7] Vereshchagina N. S., Golubev A. N., Dedov A. S., Zakharov V. Yu. Russian Chemical Journal. Journal of the Russian Chemical Society. D.I. Mendeleev. - 2000. - T. XLIV. - S. 110-114.

Swarts reaction

Notes

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