Zinc sulfide, zinc sulfide, is a binary inorganic compound of zinc and sulfur . Zinc salt of hydrogen sulfide .
| Zinc sulphide | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | zinc sulfide |
| Chem. formula | Zns |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | crystalline |
| Molar mass | 97.474 g / mol |
| Density | 4.090 g / cm³ |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 1185 ° C |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | zinc blende a = 0.54109 nm; [one] wurtzite a = 0.3820 nm, c = 0.6260 nm; [one] |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 1314-98-3 |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| RTECS | ZH5400000 |
| ChemSpider | |
__ Zn __ S
Propagation in nature
In nature, ZnS is found in the form of α-ZnS sphalerite minerals ( zinc blende ), the main raw material for producing zinc and β-ZnS wurtzite , a rare mineral with the same chemical composition but different from sphalerite by the type of crystal lattice .
Some properties
Zinc sulfide - colorless crystals, yellowing when heated above 150 ° C. Under normal conditions , the α-modification is stable. At atmospheric pressure it does not melt, but sublimates . Under a pressure of 15 MPa (150 atm ) it melts at 1850 ° C. In addition to the two main crystalline forms, zinc sulfide can crystallize in a number of polytypic forms.
In moist air, zinc sulfide is oxidized to sulfate ; when heated in air, ZnO and SO 2 are formed .
It is insoluble in water, it dissolves in acids with the formation of the corresponding zinc salt and the release of hydrogen sulfide .
When doped with traces of copper , cadmium , silver and other metals, it acquires the ability to luminescence .
Getting
Zinc sulfide can be obtained by passing gaseous hydrogen sulfide through aqueous solutions of zinc salts, for example, chloride, by the exchange reaction of a water-soluble zinc salt with a water-soluble sulfide, for example, alkali metals, by direct synthesis from elements - by fusion of zinc and sulfur powders.
Zinc sulfide can be obtained by shock waves on a mixture of zinc and sulfur powders.
Application
Phosphors
It is used to create phosphors ; an alloying metal is indicated through a colon: ZnS: Ag (with a blue glow) - for color picture tubes; (Zn, Cd) S: Ag - for X-ray tubes, ZnS: Cu (with green glow) - for luminous displays, panels, oscilloscope phosphors.
Laser technology
Zinc sulfide of the sphalerite type - a semiconductor material with a band gap of 3.54-3.91 eV, is used, in particular, in semiconductor lasers .
Particle Registration
Large single crystals activated by silver or rare-earth metals are used as scintillators for detecting ionizing radiation.
Nanotechnology
Zinc sulfide-based nanostructures are used in medicine , optoelectronics , laser technology , QD-LED displays , etc.
Infrared Optics
Zinc sulfide is used to make IR transparent windows and lenses. The highest transparency is provided for radiation with a wavelength of 8 to 14 microns, so-called. the average range of infrared radiation [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Georgobiani A.N., Sheinkman M.K. (ed.). Physics of AIIBVI Compounds. - M.: Nauka, 1986 .-- P. 289.
- ↑ Elcom LLC - ZnS zinc sulfide ordinary . www.elcomltd.spb.ru. Date of treatment November 4, 2016.
Literature
- Bovina L.A. et al. Physics of Compounds AIIBVI / ed. A.N. Georgobiani, M.K.Sheinkman. - M.: Science, Ch. ed. Phys.-Math. lit., 1986. - 319, [1] p. : rice, table - 2600 copies.