Pipe

The pipe is a tube with playing holes and a whistle device. Pipes differ in size (length from 20 to 50 cm), the shape of the tubes (there are cone-shaped, even, with expansion, narrowing of the ends), the number of playing holes, the design of the whistle device. For production use maple, ash, hazel, hornbeam, pine, linden, buckthorn. It consists of elderberry reeds, reeds , and has several side openings, and a mouthpiece for blowing. In modern practice, aluminum and ebonite are used. There are whole and collapsible. Pipes are drilled, burned out, manually twisted out, sharpened on a lathe.

There are double pipes: they blow into two folded tubes through one common mouthpiece ^[3] .

“Sopil. A nozzle, a nozzle, a nozzle, a pipe played, a pipe, sipovka, chibizga, a chakan from an elderberry stick, bark from a willow tree, etc. Duda. Pipe, tube, barrel. Folk musical device among shepherds, children, wretched, rarely used together with other instruments; it is made of elder cane, reeds, and willow bark removed from early spring (sipovka, nozzle, chibizga) ”(V. Dal).

Open Pipe

This is a type of open flute with a beveled cut of the head (mouthpiece), in the protruding (longer) part of which a hole with a sharp edge (wedge) is cut. When playing on it, the language plays the role of the missing part of the whistle - wad, insert, forming a channel with the pipe wall, through which the air stream is directed to the wedge. Only men play such a pipe ^[4] . On one of the known samples of pipes from the Kursk region in the lower part of the case there are five sound holes, the length of the pipe is 38 cm, the diameter of the inner channel is 1 cm ^[5] . It is made of maple or bird cherry, but copper pipes are also found ^[4] .

Sopilka

Ukrainian musical instrument. There are three types of nozzles ^[6] :

• Whistle - with 5 (length 20-30 cm; common in Western Ukraine ) and 6 game holes (length 30-40 cm; throughout Ukraine).
• Open - with 6 holes, length 26-36 cm, distributed among Hutsuls in Western Ukraine.
• Labial fissure with a whistle neckline without sleeve - with 6 holes (southern, steppe regions).

Piston pipe

Gained distribution in Western Belarus . It is a cylindrical wooden tube with a whistle device, into which a piston with a handle is inserted. Sound extraction is carried out by applying a stream of air and rhythmic, pumping piston movements that determine the height of the sound (the length of the air column inside the barrel is inversely proportional to the height of the sound being extracted). So, the lowest sound is formed in the maximum open position of the piston, the highest - in the most closed position. Piston pipe is an auditory instrument without a fixed system. Playing it is primarily associated with the auditory sensations of the performer.

Three Hole

The pipe is widespread in Western Europe. The musician plays the pipe with one hand and the drum or bell with the other.

See also:

Kalyuka

Kalyuka (from prickly ^[7] ), also vygonka ^[8] , thorn ^[9] , overtone flute ^[10] , grass flute ^[11] - a wind musical instrument , which is a kind of longitudinal overtone flute, since during the performance of playing this musical natural overtones are blown out ^[11] . It is a hollow cylinder with special holes made of a stalk of a thorny thistle or some other plants.

Specialists became aware of the use of the instrument in Russian traditional culture only in 1980, after which it was widely used in Russian folklore ensembles. In folk culture is considered exclusively masculine. Similar kalyuka tools are found in many peoples of the world.

Playing on a kalyuk is carried out by opening and closing the lower hole of the tube with a finger, as well as by changing the force of the air stream supplied by the mouth to the instrument. During the game, the musical instrument is held vertically down with both hands so that the tip of the index finger can then open or close the bottom hole.

The size of a musical instrument can be different, depending on the height and length of the hands playing on it. For children it is from 25 cm to 30 cm, and for adults - from 72 cm to 86 cm. The length of the tube is also adjusted according to the height of the owner. The length is considered acceptable if the palm of your hand or fingers could close the bottom hole on the pipe. Therefore, the length of the flute should not exceed the size of the outstretched arm from the shoulder to the tips of the fingers. The body of the kalyuki has a conical-shaped passage, slightly tapering from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the tubes is from 15 to 25 mm. The diameter of the outlet does not exceed 12-14 mm, and the top hole - 19-23 mm.

The pipe was opened in 1980 by students of the Moscow and Leningrad Conservatory in the villages of Bolshebykovo and Podserdnee , located halfway from Belgorod to Voronezh .

The popularity of a pipe as a musical instrument is evidenced by a large number of proverbs and sayings in which it is mentioned, for example:

• “Blow into one's own pipe” - stubbornly repeat the same thing, despite objections;
• "Dance to the tune of others" - obediently fulfill someone else's requirements;
• “Both the Shvets, the Reaper, and the Iguess in the pipe” - about a person who is successful in many areas (or, in an ironic sense, claims to be so successful).

• Pipe

• Pipe // Musical instruments. Encyclopedia. - M .: Deka-VS, 2008 .-- S. 207. - 786 p.
• Vertkov K.A. Modern nozzle or pipe, pyzhatka // Russian folk musical instruments. - L .: Music, 1975 .-- S. 41 .-- 280 p.
• Agazhanov A.P. A pipe with a beveled mouthpiece. Pyzhatka (in the Kursk region) // Russian folk musical instruments. - M .: MuzGiz, 1949. - S. 11-12. - 56 p.
• Bychkov V.N. Pipe: [device and manufacture] // Musical instruments. - M .: Ast-Press, 2000 .-- S. 62-65. - 176 p.
• Banin A.A. Section III. Traditions of playing wind instruments // Russian instrumental music of folk tradition. - M .: State Republican Center of Russian Folklore, 1997. - P. 85. - 247 p.
• Goryunov B.A. Traditional musical instruments of the Belgorod region: educational-methodical manual / under the scientific. ed. V.A. Boilers. - Belgorod: publication of the State Institution "BSTCNT", 2010. - S. 10-11. - 24 p.
• Rudneva A.V. Dudka // Kursk tanks and karagods . - M .: Soviet composer, 1975. - S. 170-176. - 309 p.
• “Belarusian folk musical instruments of XX century”, Skorabagatchanka A.V., RUE “Belarusian Science” Publishing House, LV No. 13 dated December 31, 1997, 220141. RUPP “Baranovichi Integrated Printing House” 225320.