Vasily Korshak ( December 27, 1908 [ January 9, 1909 ]), the village of Vysokoe (now Chernihiv Oblast [2] [5] ) —June 14, 1988 , Moscow) —Soviet scientist and chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR .
| Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak | ||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | December 27, 1908 ( January 9, 1909 ) | |||||||||
| Place of Birth | with. High, (now Chernihiv region ), Russian empire | |||||||||
| Date of death | June 14, 1988 (79 years) | |||||||||
| Place of death | Moscow , RSFSR , USSR | |||||||||
| A country |  Russian Empire →  the USSR | |||||||||
| Scientific field | polymer chemistry | |||||||||
| Place of work | ||||||||||
| Alma mater | Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. D.I. Mendeleev | |||||||||
| Academic degree | Doctor of Chemical Sciences [1] | |||||||||
| Academic title | Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences | |||||||||
| supervisor | Pavel Polievktovich Shorygin [2] [3] [4] | |||||||||
| Known as | polymer researcher | |||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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| Signature |  | |||||||||
Biography
Born December 27, 1908. His father, Vladimir Fedorovich Korshak, was a railway foreman, head of the distance, head of the track. Mother - Tatiana Y. Korshak (Shvedova). Vasily was the eldest of four children in the family, he had a brother Anatoly and two sisters - Lyudmila and Zinaida.
In 1926 he graduated from a vocational school in the city of Romny. In 1931 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. DI Mendeleev [2] as an engineer-technologist, then continued his work [4] .
In 1932 he married Zoya Alekseevna Mirolyubova. In 1935, their son Vladimir was born (he died in 1942 in the evacuation of pneumonia), in 1937 his son Yuri, in 1944 his daughter, and in 1952 his son, who was also named Vladimir.
From 1931 to 1935 he was a graduate student and assistant at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. DI Mendeleev. Then from 1935 to 1938 he was a doctoral student at the Institute of Organic Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences and at the same time an associate professor at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. D, I. Mendeleev. In 1938, he organized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences a laboratory of high-molecular compounds [1] , which he headed until 1988 [1] [5] . From 1938 to 1953 he was head of the department of organic synthesis at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. DI Mendeleev [6] . In 1940 he joined the Communist Party [2] .
In 1941 - Dean [7] of the Faculty No. 138 [8] of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. DI Mendeleev.
Since 1942 - Doctor of Chemical Sciences. From 1948 to 1954 he served as deputy director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1951 to 1972 he was the editor-in-chief of the journal Chemistry Advances. October 23, 1953 was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the specialty "chemistry of high-molecular compounds" [9] . From 1954 to 1963, he served as deputy director of the Institute of Economic and Social Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1954 to 1988 he was in charge of the laboratory and the department of high-molecular compounds INEOS of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1958 to 1988 he was the head of the department of plastic mass technology at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. D.I. Mendeleev [3] . From 1973 to 1988 he was the editor-in-chief of the journal “High Molecular Compounds”. On December 23, 1976, he was elected an academician in the specialty “High-Molecular Compounds” [9] .
Died June 14, 1988 in Moscow. He was buried at Kuntsevo Cemetery in Moscow [10] . In 2003, the closest comrade-in-arms and student of Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak, Svetlana Vasilyevna Vinogradova , co-authored a book dedicated to the main dates of his life and work, his scientific work, and also memories of this outstanding scientist of Russia [11] .
Scientific achievements [12]
He is one of the founders of modern synthetic chemistry of high-molecular compounds.
Study of the mechanism and patterns of polycondensation
Under the leadership of Korshak, a cycle of studies was carried out in the field of polyamidation, polyesterification, polyarylating, polycoordination, which made it possible to understand the patterns of these processes. The rule of nonequivalence of functional groups is established as the most important regularity determining the molecular weight of polymers. Formed the idea of equilibrium and nonequilibrium polycondensation. Such types of non-equilibrium polycondensation, such as dehydro-polycondensation, polycyclization, interfacial polycondensation, acceptor-catalytic polycondensation, have been studied.
Polyrecombination
In 1957, V.V. Korshak and his co-workers, in studying the reactions of peroxides with alkyl aromatic compounds, discovered a fundamentally new method for synthesizing polymers - the reaction of polyrecombination. This method consists in the treatment of compounds with mobile hydrogen atoms by peroxides leading to the formation of polymers. Polyrecombination allowed to expand the range of compounds that can be used for the synthesis of polymers.
Carbin production
V. V. Korshak (together with A. M. Sladkov, Yu. N. Kudryavtsev, V. I. Kasatochkin) obtained a number of new polymers containing triple bonds in the main chain, among them carbin [2] , previously unknown allotropic modification carbon, as well as its electronic isomer, called polycumulum.
Polymerization
In the field of polymerization, V. V. Korshak was engaged in the study of the following questions:
- The influence of the chemical structure of monomers on the ability to polymerization. He proved the influence of spatial factors on the polymerization of unsaturated compounds [4] .
- Regularities of polymerization of heterocyclic compounds
- Joint polymerization of heterocycles with vinyl monomers
- Polycyclotrimerization processes of compounds with acetylene and C-N-multiple bonds in molecules
- Patterns of migration copolymerization
- The use of radiation to obtain polymers based on unsaturated monomers and heterocycles
- Synthesis of polymers by decomposition of diazo compounds
- High Pressure Polymerization
Exploring the relationship between the structure and properties of polymers
On the example of various polymers, the basic laws that link heat resistance, heat resistance, solubility, and other properties of polymers with their chemical structure were formulated. The result was the creation of a number of valuable polymers, such as polyarylates, some phenol-formaldehyde polymers, carded polyoxadiazoles, polybenzoxazoles, anti-friction self-lubricating plastics; the latter have found wide application.
Polymers of cyclochain structure and ladder structure
VV Korshak and his colleagues were able to show that the degree of aromaticity of the heterocycles formed during polycyclization characterizes the thermal stability of polymers. Using polycyclization, a large number of heat-resistant polymers have been synthesized.
Organometrical polymers
Organoelement polymers were created, containing in their composition many of the elements of the periodic system, special attention was paid to organorganic, organophosphate, and metal-containing polymers. Much attention was paid to polyphosphinoboranes.
Mixed, grafted and block copolymers
The processes of interchain metabolism of macromolecules, one of the methods for the synthesis of hetero-chain mixed polymers, have been studied in detail. Methods for the synthesis of graft copolymers based on the activation of polymer products by ozone or heated air have been developed. Research has led to the finding of methods for modifying the properties of finished products from synthetic and natural polymers.
Polypeptides
V. V. Korshak was searching for ways to rationally synthesize polypeptides, and studied the influence of catalysts on this process.
Polymer Synthesis
The scope of V. Korshak's work in this area is enormous.
Of the achievements can be identified:
- Synthesis of polyhexamethylene adipinamide ( anide [5] )
- Development of technology for raw material for lavsan .
- Synthesis of polyarylates
- Synthesis of polyheteroarylenes
- Polyphenylene Synthesis
- Discovery of polyperealylation reactions
- Synthesis of new phenol formaldehyde polymers
- Synthesis of new epoxy polymers and polyphenols
- Synthesis of polymers based on furfural
- Production of valuable cold curing adhesives based on polymers of cyanoacrylic acid esters
- Synthesis of ion exchange polymers
- Synthesis of ion exchangers for the separation of heavy and noble metals
- Synthesis of unsaturated polyesters
- Synthesis of physiologically active polymers and polymers for medicine
Synthesis of Organic Compounds
VV Korshak created methods for producing terephthalic acid, various esters of cyanoacrylic acid, a large number of aromatic dicarboxylic acids, di- and tetra-amines, bisphenols, oxyamines.
Major Works [12]
VV Korshak is the author of 28 monographs on the chemistry of high-molecular compounds, including:
The Chemistry of High-Molecular Compounds (1950), the first book in Russian, summarizing the achievements of polymer science of that time, also laid out the basics of the original classification of high-molecular compounds, which later received wide distribution.
"Equilibrium polycondensation" (1968) and "Nonequilibrium polycondensation" (1972) - together with S. V. Vinogradova.
"Chemical structure and temperature characteristics of polymers" (1970)
"The diversity of polymers" (1977)
"Heat-resistant polymers" (1969)
Honors, Awards, Prizes
- Stalin Prize (1949) [2] ;
- Stalin Prize (1951) [2] ;
- Lenin Prize (1986) [13] ;
- Two orders "Badge of Honor" [5] ;
- Order of Lenin [1] ;
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor [5] ;
- Order of the Red Star [5] ;
- Order of the October Revolution [5] ;
- Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
- Medal of the International Trade and Industrial Exhibition in Leipzig for achievements in the field of creating TSA plastics;
- The title of "Honorary Chemist";
- Badge "Inventor of the USSR";
- Medal "Veteran Labor"
Personal qualities, hobbies
According to the recollections of his daughter, G. V. Ashikhmina [11] , Vasily Vladimirovich was restrained in nature, did not share his difficulties, and made decisions himself. To all showed keen interest. He was a caring and economic man.
Engaged in photography; collected an extensive library.
Notes
- ↑ Since 1954, the laboratory moved to the Institute of Organoelement Compounds
Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 Korshak Vasily Vladimirovich . Institute of Organoelement Compounds named after Nesmeyanov. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Korshak Vasily Vladimirovich // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ 1 2 Academician Shorygin . Department of Organic Chemistry, UkhTU named after Mendeleev. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chronological collection of memorable anniversaries . The Russian Academy of Sciences. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak (obituary) (Doc) pp.119-120. The Russian Academy of Sciences. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
- ↑ History of the department . Department of Technology of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis of the Russian University of Chemical Technology DI Mendeleev. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived on October 3, 2012.
- ↑ History of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering / Denisyuk A.P. - Moscow: Moscow University of Chemical Technology. DI. Mendeleev, 2005. - p. 15. - 432 p.
- ↑ since 1955 the Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- ↑ 1 2 Korshak Vasily Vladimirovich . Information system "Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
- ↑ The grave of V.V. Korshak at the Kuntsevo Cemetery
- 2 1 2 Academician Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak: Essays, Memoirs, Books and Review Works by V. V. Korshak and His School, Comp. S.V. Vinogradov, V.A. Vasnev, Otv. ed. Yu. N. Bubnov, Moscow: Nauka, 2003, 213 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Vinogradov S.V., Nilova L. Ya., Rumyantseva O.F., Semyonova S.V. Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak: Materials to the bio-bibliography of the scientists of the USSR. - Series of Chemical Sciences, vol. 68. - M .: Science, 1982. - p. 8-29.
- ↑ Teachers and staff of the University are laureates of awards . Russian Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.
Links
- Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak (To the 100th anniversary of his birth) (Pdf). High-Molecular Compounds, Series C, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 7 (2009). The appeal date is July 27, 2012. Archived September 14, 2012.