Shoromba is a tribal group of taiga Yukagirs that lived along the upper course of the Indigirka . According to the linguistic books, it consisted of 12 genera: Porochi, Pelevy, Nozegi, Naduni, Poroya, Kondyli, Lyukochi, Yatangi, Lukta, Mindovka, Kokori, Nelita. In the ethnonym, the Yukagir word is guessed - Shoromo "man." They became extinct by the first half of the 18th century as a result of military conflicts with the Russians and the Lamuts , as well as from smallpox epidemics.
| Shoromba | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | Shoromo, Shoromba |
| Extinct | in the first half of the 18th century |
| Related peoples | Yukagirs |
Content
Origin and title
The ethnonym Shormba comes from the Yukaghir word Shoromo, which means man, person. According to the conclusions of the Russian orientalist Alexander Nemirovsky, in the northern, tundra version of the Yukagir language there is no sound w, therefore, the Shoromb should belong to the South Yukagir communities [1] .
First Mention
In Russian sources, Shoromba was first mentioned in the XVII century in relation to the middle and upper reaches of the Indigirka. Most likely, the Shoromba retreated here under the onslaught of the Tungus (Evenki) from the southern regions. According to the materials of the Soviet ethnographer Boris Dolgikh Shoromb, they inhabited the Indigirka Valley from the mouth of the Moma to the mouth of the Selennyakh , the middle as well as the lower reaches of the Moma, the upper part of the Ozhoginy River basin , the upper course of the Buor-Yuryakh and Badyaryhi rivers [2] .
Military Conflicts with Russians and Lamuts
The first contact of the Shoromb with the Russians dates back to 1639 , when Ivan Postnik with 30 servicemen crossed the mountains and went from the Upper Yana to Indigirka - the places of settlement of the Shoromb. Shoromb maintained a close alliance with the Yangintsy (Yukagir people). In 1642, the Shoromb attacked the Uyanda winterhouse, but retreated. During the 1640-1650s. In the 17th century, the Shoromb gradually obeyed the Russians after birth, and began to pay yasak. According to the yasak books of 1656, 90 real payers of yasak are listed on them, which enables Nemirovsky to conclude that the number of Shoromb at that time was about 360 people. For the same period of time, there are 12 genera of Shoromb. By 1656, all the Shoromb clans were subdued and became tributaries of the Russians.
Extinction
Catching worsened the material situation of the Shoromb. In addition, in 1657 , 1667 and 1693, they were affected by the smallpox epidemic, which significantly (estimated to halve) reduced their numbers. It counts long in 1691 , on the eve of the last major epidemic, about 200 Shoromb. Estimates of the beginning of the 18th century indicate the existence of 160 Shoromb, in 1723 - 120. In the middle of the 18th century, Shoromb completely disappear. The final reasons for the disappearance of the people to date have not been unequivocally established [1] .
Literature
- Nemirovsky A. Materials on the history of the Yukagir tribe Shoromba . - arctic-megapedia.ru. Archived on September 2, 2014.
- N.V. Pluzhnikov, V.I. Shadrin. Yukagirs // Peoples of the North-East of Siberia / ed. E.P. Batyanova, V.A. Turaev. IEA RAS. M .: Nauka, 2010.
- Tugolukov V. A. Who are you, Yukagirs? M .: Nauka, 1979
- Yukagirs. Historical and ethnographic essay / Z. V. Gogolev, I. S. Gurvich and others; ed. A.P. Okladnikov. Novosibirsk: Science, 1975
Notes
- β 1 2 Nemirovsky A. Materials on the history of the Yukagir tribe Shoromba . - arctic-megapedia.ru. Archived on September 2, 2014.
- β Okladnikov A.P. , Gogolev Z.V., Ashchepkov E.A. Ancient Zashiversk. Old Russian polar city . - monograph. - Moscow: Nauka, 1977 .-- S. 45 .-- 210 p.