Kazan province

During the administrative-territorial reform of Catherine II, on September 11, 1780, Vyatka governorship was established from the Vyatka province and parts of the Sviyazhsky and Kazan provinces, and Simbirskoye and Penza governorates were formed from the southern districts. January 27, 1781 the territory of the Perm province was transferred to the formed Perm governorate . Finally, on September 28, 1781, the Kazan province was transformed into Kazan governorate , which included 13 counties. In the same year, the coats of arms of the province and county towns were approved.

At the end of the 18th century, there were 13 cities in the province: Kazan , Arsk , Kozmodemyansk , Laishevo , Mamadysh , Sviyazhsk , Spassk , Tetyushi , Tsarevokokshaysk ( Yoshkar-Ola ), Tsivilsk , Cheboksary , Chistopol , Yadrin , in total 7272 settlements. In the 19th century, the importance of Kazan as an administrative center increased even more. The capital of the province became the center of the educational (1805) and military (1826) districts.

By decree of Paul I of December 12, 1796, according to which the governorates were liquidated ^[2] , Kazan governorship again became the Kazan province.

In 1838, the newspaper Kazan Provincial Gazette began to be published.

In 1865, the Zemstvo was introduced.

In the autumn of 1891 - in the summer of 1892, the territory of the Kazan province became part of the main crop failure zone caused by drought (see Famine in Russia (1891-1892 ).

In 1718, the "Digital" school was opened at the Kazan Admiralty to teach children of clerks, clergy and other ranks (except for the nobility and peasants) combining teaching mathematics and the beginning of professional knowledge.

In 1723, at the Trinity-Feodorovsky Monastery , a Slavic-Latin school was opened for clergy children aimed at educating literate priests for the Kazan diocese . The Slavic-Latin school became the basis for the establishment of the Kazan Theological Academy in 1797.

In the middle of the 18th century, religious schools were opened in Tsivilsk, Tsarevokokshaysk (Yoshkar-Ola), and Elabuga.

Kazan became the first city in the Russian province, in which in 1759 a gymnasium was opened to educate the children of "nobles and raznochintsy." The gymnasium operated under the patronage of Moscow University, from which teachers were sent to Kazan and where the Charter was developed for. Arithmetic and geometry, drawing, dancing, fencing, Latin, French, German, and Tatar were taught at the Kazan gymnasium. Graduates of the First Kazan Gymnasium were G.R.Derzhavin, S.T. Aksakov, the Panaev brothers, I.M.Simonov, A.M. Butlerov, N.I. Lobachevsky and other prominent figures of Russian science and culture.

In 1786, the Main Public School was opened in Kazan.

All these educational institutions prepared the basis for the opening in 1804 of Kazan University - the third-time institution and significance in Russia.

In the XIX century, the capital of the province consistently opened: the Second Kazan Gymnasium (1835), the Rodion Institute of Noble Maidens (1841), the School for Blind Children, the Diocesan Female School (1858), the Mariinsky (in honor of Empress Maria) the First Kazan Gymnasium ( 1859), Kazan Veterinary Institute (1874), Real School (1875), Ksenin (Second Kazan) Women's Gymnasium (named after Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna ) (1876), United Secondary Chemical and Technological School and Lower Technical School (1890), Kazan artist vennaya school under the auspices of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1895), Business School (1905).

As of 1897, there were 1238 educational institutions in the province (without madrassas and mektebs), of which 1137 were in the regions and 101 in Kazan.

In 1913, 4 higher educational institutions located in Kazan were already operating in the province: University, Theological Academy, Veterinary Institute, Higher Women's Courses.

In 1781, when Kazan governor was formed , it included 13 counties: Kazan , Arsky , Kozmodemyansky , Laishevsky , Mamadyshsky , Sviyazhsky , Spassky , Tetyushsky , Tsarevokokshaysky , Tsivilsky , Cheboksary , Chistopolsky , Yadrinsky districts . In 1795, Arsky , Spassky and Tetyushsky districts were abolished, in 1802 the last two were restored as part of the Kazan province (since 1796).

Thus, from 1802 until the abolition of the province retained a division into 12 counties :

Population

National composition

The distribution of the population of the capital of the province according to their native language according to the census in Kazan in 1897 ^[4] :

The results of the census on the mother tongue in 1897 ^[5] :

Noble birth

• Zhmakins
• Casinos
• Molostovy
• Osokins

Approved on December 8, 1856 .

Emblem description: “In a silver shield is a black crowned dragon , wings and tail are scarlet, beak and claws are golden; tongue is scarlet. The shield is crowned by the Imperial crown and surrounded by golden oak leaves connected by the St. Andrew ribbon. ”

Governor Generals

Rulers of Viceroyalty

Governors

Provincial leaders of the nobility

Vice Governors

Kazan Provincial Commissars of the Provisional Government

On March 4 ( 17 ), 1917 , the Chairman of the Council of Ministers , the Minister of the Interior, Prince G.E. Lvov , ordered the temporary suspension of local governors and vice-governors from their duties, which were assigned to the local chairmen of the Zemstvo administrations as provincial commissars.

6 ( 19 ) марта 1917 г. — на основании полученной из Петрограда телеграммы за подписью князя Г. Е. Львова об упразднении губернаторской власти — последний Казанский губернатор П. М. Боярский передал свои полномочия заступающему место председателя Казанской губернской земской управы полковнику В. В. Молоствову. В тот же день данное сообщение было оглашено на чрезвычайном (экстренном) Казанском губернском земском собрании и принято его участниками «к сведению».

Таким образом, В. В. Молоствов автоматически стал первым Казанским губернским комиссаром Временного правительства . Однако уже в самом ближайшем времени он обязывался сложить с себя комиссарские полномочия, так как непосредственно перед этим — 5 ( 18 ) марта 1917 г. — на чрезвычайном (экстренном) Казанском губернском земском собрании председателем Казанской губернской земской управы был избран А. Н. Плотников. По утверждении последнего в данной должности министром внутренних дел, В. В. Молоствов должен был передать ему управление губернией.

Согласно официальному сообщению, А. Н. Плотников вступил «в исполнение обязанностей Казанского губернского комиссара Временного Правительства » 30 марта ( 12 апреля ) 1917 г. ^[7]

• Риттих А. Ф. Казанская губерния. — Казань, 1870. — 2 т.
• Адрес-календарь служащих в Казанской губернии лиц 1871 год
• Татарское дворянство Казанской губернии (2-я половина XVI—XVII вв.)
• Списки населенных мест Казанской губернии 1866, JPG

• Статья из Татарской энциклопедии
• Карта Казанской губернии из «Атласа» А. А. Ильина 1876 года (просмотр на движке Google на сайте runivers.ru)
• Онлайн библиотека Царское Село, книги по истории Казанской губернии (Памятные книжки), PDF