Bashkir government

The Bashkir government was elected on December 20, 1917 as the Small Kurultai at the 3rd All-Bashkir Constituent Congress . Yunus Bikbov was elected chairman .

The local institutions of the Bashkir government were cantonal (district) and yurt (volost) administrations, the formation of which began in the autumn of 1917. In relation to Soviet power, the Bashkir government initially held a wait-and-see attitude. Based on the resolution of the Orenburg Muslim Military Revolutionary Committee (MUPC), on the night of February 3 to 4 (in the new style - from February 15 to 16) of 1918, 7 members of the Bashkir government and Bashkir central shuro ( I. M. Mutin , A. N. Yagafarov , S. G. Mryasov , A. A. Validov , G. Ya. Aitbaev , A. K. Adigamov , I. Salikhov) were arrested. The MVRK’s decision on arrest was approved by the Orenburg provincial revolution committee only retroactively ^{[2] [3]} , who believed the slander of the MVRC workers on joint alleged actions against members of the Bashkir government with the chieftain of the Orenburg Cossack Circle A. I. Dutovm ^{[4] [5]} . After the arrest of members of the Bashkir government, a group of Bashkir youth, including some activists from the youth organization " Tulkyn ", formed a new governing body - the Provisional Revolutionary Council (Shuro) of Bashkurdistan (WCRB). In March 1918, two members of the Government of Bashkirdistan — Gabdulla Idelbayev and Gimran Magazov — were shot by the Bolsheviks in Baymak ^[6] . On April 4, members of the government under arrest were released during a joint raid by Bashkirs and Cossacks.

Conditions for the restoration of government activity arose after a speech by the Czechoslovak Corps , when Soviet power was abolished on a large territory of the region. The location of the national institutions in June-July 1918 was the Chelyabinsk occupied by the Czechs, where members of the government and Kse-Kurultai arrived.

According to the farman of the Government of Bashkurdistan of June 12, 1918, the Bashkir Military Council was formed to control the Bashkir army ^[7] .

The Bashkir government established contacts with the anti-Bolshevik centers in the east of the country — the Provisional Siberian Government , Komuch , the Orenburg Cossack Circle, and others.

The government officially published the " Bulletin of the Bashkir Government ." Representatives of the Bashkirs participated in the Chelyabinsk district congress and the formation of a number of district structures, in particular the land council, which included a representative of the Bashkirs H. I. Ishbulatov .

In early August, the government of the institution moved to Orenburg, occupied by detachments of the Orenburg Cossack army , whose leaders were quite loyal to the future of autonomy and state independence of Bashkortostan. A government delegation led by I. M. Sultanov , Yu. Yu. Bikbov , A. A. Validov took part in a state meeting in Ufa, where in October 1918 an attempt was made to unite various political forces under the flag of the Directory .

November 18, 1918 A.V. Kolchak committed a military coup and declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces. Admiral Kolchak did not recognize the autonomy of the Bashkirs. All local governments were asked to announce self-liquidation, but the Bashkurdistan Government refused to comply with the “Literacy of the Provisional All-Russian Government to all regional governments, to all citizens of the Russian State” dated November 4, 1918. This appeal, as well as the abolition of the Bashkir Military Council and the headquarters of the Bashkir Corps, along with the transfer of command of the Bashkir regiments to Lieutenant-General A. I. Dutov, was forced by the Bashkir government to negotiate with representatives of the RSFSR . After the start of negotiations with the Soviet authorities on the transition of the Bashkir troops in the direction of the Red Army, in the village Temyasovo on January 26, 1919, the Bashkir government was reorganized. Mstislav Kulaev was elected its new chairman, and A. A. Validov became the commander of the Bashkir Army . This government and sought to formalize autonomy already in the Soviet system.

The Bashkir government sent a delegation to Moscow from the chairman of the Bashkir government M. A. Kulayev, a member of the Bashkir government M. D. Khalikov and the commander of the Bashkir Army A. I. Bikbavov to negotiate the formation of the Bashkir autonomous republic .

On February 16, 1919, the government announced the entry of the autonomous BashRepublic ^[1] into the RSFSR from February 18 and the transfer of the Bashkir army to the Red Army . On February 22, 1919, the Bashkir Government transferred power in the territory of Bashkurdistan to the Bashkir Military Revolutionary Committee .

On March 20, 1919, the “ Agreement of the Central Soviet Government with the Bashkir Government on the Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria ” was signed in Moscow and the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic was established . By signing this document, the Soviets recognized the national-territorial autonomy of Bashkurdistan, which existed since 1917 ^[9] . After that, the Government of Bashkurdistan ends its activities.

Gabdulla Kurbangaliev and his son Mohammed-Gabdulkhay Kurbangaliev moved to the first place among the national figures who remained on the side of the White Guards and declared their support for A.V. Kolchak . On July 26, 1919, the All-Bashkir Congress was scheduled to be convened in Chelyabinsk (it was supposed to form an alternative to Validov and his supporters of the national institution). The defeat of Kolchak during the Chelyabinsk battle and the departure of the White Guards from the territory of the Urals actually put an end to attempts to recreate the Bashkir government.

• Bikbov, Yunus Yulbarisovich (December 1917 - January 1919);
• Kulayev, Mstislav Aleksandrovich (January 1919 - March 1919).

The press organs of the Bashkurdistan Government are the newspapers Bashkort Taushy, Bashkortostan Hokumetenen Tele.

• Kasimov S.F. Bashkir government // Bashkir encyclopedia / gl.red. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: Bashkir Encyclopedia State Medical Academy, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .
• On the 90th anniversary of the proclamation of the Soviet autonomy of Bashkortostan