Jacobo Fichman (born Yankev (Yakov Samoilovich) Fikhman ; Spanish: Jacobo Fijman ; January 25, 1898 , Orhei, Bessarabian province - December 1, 1970 , Buenos Aires , Argentina ) - Argentine poet. He wrote in Spanish .
Jacobo Fichman | |
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Birth name | Jacob Samoilovich Fikhman |
Date of Birth | January 25, 1898 |
Place of Birth | Orhei , Russian Empire |
Date of death | December 1, 1970 (72 years) |
Place of death | Buenos Aires , Argentina |
Citizenship | Russian empire |
Occupation | poet |
Years of creativity | 1923 - 1970 |
Genre | |
Language of Works |
Content
Biography
Early years
The future poet was born under the name Yankev Fikhman in the district Bessarabian town of Orhei in 41 versts north of Chisinau (now the district center of the Orhei district of Moldova ) in 1898 in the family of a shopkeeper Shmil Fichman. In 1904 (according to some data in 1902 ) Fikhman’s parents with three children moved to Argentina and first settled in the south of the country in the province of Rio Negro (city of Choele Choel) in Patagonia. For some time lived in the western province of Mendoza , c 1907 - in the town of Lobos ( province of Buenos Aires ), where Jacobo Fichman completed secondary education.
Literary debut
In 1917 , with a high school diploma, Fichman went to Buenos Aires and entered the university at the department of philosophy and classical philology; He is seriously engaged in playing the violin and the theory of music, studying the ancient Greek and Latin languages . Two years later, he settled as a French teacher at the Liceo de Señoritas de Belgrano gymnasium for girls, but at the end of 1919 he quit his job and began to wander around the region, leading the lifestyle of a wandering musician, working as an assistant miller in the Paraguayan province of Chaco and returning to Buenos Aires only in mid- 1920 . Soon after his return, Fichman appears at the police station with the words "Soy el Cristo Rojo" ( I am the red Christ ) and pleading for protection. Shortly after his arrest, he is transferred to a psychiatric hospital, where he spends six months from January 17 to July 26, 1921 , after receiving a course of electroconvulsive therapy and labor rehabilitation.
Already in the next, in 1922, Fichman set off again, settled in Uruguay for a while, earning his living by odd jobs. From Montevideo, through his childhood friend, the poet and translator Carlos M. Grünberg, transmits 4 poems for publication in the Buenos Aires Jewish newspaper "Vida Nuestra", thus making his debut in print in the August 1923 issue . In October of the same year, on his return to Buenos Aires, he published in the Noticias Literarias ( Literary notes ) essays with commentaries on Bach and after a brief seated respite hit the road again. He spent the next two years traveling in Brazil and Paraguay , and in 1926, again in Buenos Aires, he was part of the literary group that united around the newly established Samuel Garnusberg magazine Martin Fierro , along with Oliverio Chirondo (1891-1967) (1874–1952), by Leopoldo Marechal (1900–1970), by Carlos Grünberg and Jorge Luis Borges . He publishes poems, essays and music criticism in this magazine and in the newspaper Mundo Israelita ( Jewish World ). On September 1, 1926 , Fichmann's first poetic book Molino Rojo ( Red Mill ) was published, immediately attracting the attention of critics. Poems of this period to the surrealism in fashion in Europe. In 1927, together with Antonio Vallejo, Fichman went to Europe, traveled through France , Belgium and Italy , showed interest in Gothic architecture and Catholic art. Upon arrival home, published in the newspapers Nacion and Mundo Argentino, poems - and, above all, of a metaphysical nature - are now more and more inclined towards mysticism and esotericism.
Return from Europe
In 1929, the second collection of Fichman, Hecho de Estampas, was published, and on April 7, 1930, in the parish of Saint Benito in Buenos Aires, he formally converted to the Catholic faith, began attending a Catholic worldview circle and collaborating with the Catholic publication Numero. In 1931, the last, most famous book of his poems “Estrella de la Mañana” ( Star in the Morning ) was published and Fichman was sent to Europe with the aim of adopting monastic dignity in a Benedictine monastery in Belgium. There, however, he encounters a refusal, wanders again and loses touch with his family. In 1934, he published his latest poem “Letania del agua perfecte” in the magazine “ARCH” ( Arx y Critica ), on April 23, he learned about the death of his mother, completely removed from literary work, led the semi-noechen way of life, and since then mostly spends time in the reading room of the National Library in Buenos Aires, until at last they did not close access to it on May 11, 1942 due to strange behavior.
Last Shelter
On November 2, 1942 , after a week-long walk through the streets of Buenos Aires without food and sleep, Fehman was arrested and placed in a psychiatric shelter at the Hospicio de las Mercedes (later the neuropsychiatric institute of Borda - Instituto Neuropsiquiátrico José T. Borda) diagnosed with psicologi-ístí chromo-psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology and psychology. “(According to the modern classification, probably schizoaffective psychosis), where he will spend the last 28 years of his life without a success. At the shelter, he undergoes repeated courses of electroconvulsive therapy, keeps himself aloof, draws a lot and practically does not write.
Only in the 1960s, when interest again appeared in his work, several collections of selected works of the poet appear, 3-4 new poems written by him in the hospital are published. In 1967, the campaign begins with the goal of freeing Fichman from the hospital and providing him with the pension of the Union of Writers of Argentina, the issue of the prestigious Talisman magazine (Number I, 1969 ) is published, devoted entirely to the poet, he is invited to television, where he shocks the public with unexpected replicas . Despite all the efforts, Fichman dies all in the same shelter on the night of December 1, 1970 as a result of acute pulmonary edema. After his death, there remain three collections of poetry, some poems scattered throughout several editions, musical notes and essays, as well as a notebook of sketches made during the years of forced hospitalization.
In subsequent years, posthumous recognition came to Fichman as one of the most significant Argentine poets of the past century, a complete collection of his works, a reprint of all poetry collections, and he acquired the fictitious life of a literary character under the name of Samuel Tesler in the novel of his friend Leopoldo Marechal “Adam Buenosayres” ”( 1948 ) and under the name of Hakobo Fixler in the novel“ El que tiene sed ”Abelardo Castillo ( 1985 ).
Literature
- Molino Rojo, Martin Fierro: Buenos Aires, 1926 (reprinted - Plaza 26 Janés Editores: Barcelona , 2000).
- Hecho de Estampas, Buenos Aires, 1929 (reissued - Editorial Leviatan: Buenos Aires, 1998 in the Colección Poesía Mayor series).
- Estrella de la Mañana, Buenos Aires, 1931 (reissued - Editorial Leviatan: Buenos Aires, 1999 in the Colección Poesía Mayor series).
- Poesia completa, Ediciones del Dock: Buenos Aires, 2003 & 2005.