The Soviet side is a historically formed district of the city of Rzhev, Tver Oblast , covering the left bank of the city along the Volga River . Includes neighborhoods: City Center (left bank), Brick, Warehouse-40, furniture factory village, Shoporovo, Zakholinsky, Seven winds, Terehovo, Opoka, Cranes, Port, Shikhino, Zelenkino and East. About 40 thousand people live in the district.
| Soviet side | |
|---|---|
 Center of Rzhev: view of Bekhtereva street | |
| A country | |
| City | Rzhev |
| Population | 40 thousand people (2011) |
History
Before the 1917 revolution , the side was called Prince-Fedorov, in memory of the specific Prince Fyodor Borisovich Volotsky (1476-1513), the owner of the left-bank part of Rzhev.
Judging by the documents, Fedor Borisovich was a resolute and tough man. He persistently continued the policy of his father - Boris Volotsky , sought to preserve the independence of the specific princedom from the rule of Moscow.
Fedor entered the history as an opponent of the famous leader of the Russian Orthodox Church - Joseph Sanin "Volotsky" , a supporter of the union of lands.
Fedor tried to establish an βiron orderβ in his principality with a firm hand. His oppression led to the fact that many residents left the lands of the Volotsk principality. With him, ΠΆΠ΅evici were lined up with a triple tribute .
Fedor died in May 1513 . After his death, the Principality of Volotsk passed to the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III and ceased to exist. The left bank of Rzhev became the possession of Moscow.
Finally, Rzhev was merged in 1521 , as part of Moscow territory .
The modern name - Soviet, was fixed on the left bank side only in the early 20s of the XX century . It is connected with the fact that in the left bank of the Rzhev urban and district authorities are located - the Soviets .
Economy
The basis of the economy of the region consists of machine-building enterprises of OJSC Rzhevsky Kranostroitelny Zavod and OJSC Electromechanics.
Also the industry of the district is represented by enterprises:
- Rzhev Experimental Mechanical Repair Plant;
- CJSC Rzhevkirpich;
- 514 Aviation Repair Plant;
- Rzhev furniture factory
Of trade enterprises, the following are distinguished: the central market, the supermarket chains Tverskoy Merchant, Dixie , Pyaterochka , and Magnit ; stores "Relish", "Lux", "Lukomorye", "Sportlandiya", "Spinor", "Expert", "Russian plumbing".
Two military units are stationed on the left bank of the Rzhev: military unit 86286 (55th arsenal of the Main Armed Forces of Ukraine) and military unit 40963 (6th brigade of aerospace defense), which have their military camps (now microdistricts) Depot-40 and Port .
Attractions
On the Soviet side there are many monuments of the pre-revolutionary era, pre-war and post-war time. There are no more streets left on the Soviet side, only separate buildings of the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries stand out. This is due to the fact that in the 50s β 60s of the 20th century, the Soviet side was defined as the administrative and public center of the city and underwent a more dense urban development mainly of houses of the Khrushchev type . Old pre-revolutionary houses, thoroughly damaged during the war , were demolished.
Among the monuments of history and culture can be identified:
| Order number | The photo | Sight | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | The administration building of the Rzhev region . | Lenin Street , house number 11; | |
| 2 | The building of the prosecutor's office (XIX century.). Until the October Revolution of 1917, the Zemsky Assembly and Zemsky Government were located in the building. It was one of the most beautiful mansions along Bolshaya Ilyinskaya Street. In its present form, the building was rebuilt after a large fire [1] , which swept along the Prince-Fedorovsk side in 1880 . As a result, more than 200 buildings were destroyed, among them a two-story building of the Zemstvo administration. In Soviet times, the building housed the Prosecutor's Office and the Land Management Committee of the Rzhevsky District , which are still there [2] . | Lenin Street , house number 16; | |
| 3 | Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. One of the new dominants of the city. It was finally completed in 2005 . On May 8, 1995, the Bishop of Tver and Kashinsky Victor made the laying and consecration of the place under the temple. The service in the temple began in 2004. The name of the temple is given in honor of people canonized by the Orthodox Church in the XX century and later. The temple is made in the Russian style, centric type with a tent belfry [3] , has an altar above which the dome with a cross, 10 meters high, is raised. The total height of the entire temple buildings - 37 meters. The architect of the temple project is Andrei Vladimirovich Radygin. The feast day is celebrated on the first Sunday following January 25, the Day of Memory of the New Martyr of Kiev, Metropolitan of Vladimir. It was originally planned to install a monument to V. A. Obruchev on this site, but later it was decided to build a chapel. During the construction process, the idea of ββa wooden church emerged, which at the last stage was embodied in a stone church . | Lenin Street , house number 2a; | |
| four | Church of the Great Martyr Barbara. Wooden monastery church. It was built in 2004 on the initiative and at the expense of the Rzhevsky Production Association of OJSC Electromechanics in memory of the destroyed Church of the All-Saints Cemetery of Varvarya [4] . | Kranostroiteley Street; | |
| five | War memorial cemetery. Opened September 28, 2002 . It consists of two sectors: the Soviet memorial and the German military cemeteries. The main purpose of the complex is the reconciliation of two peoples. Initially, due to disagreement in society, there were no burial places on the German side, they were limited to a Catholic memorial cross, but by the end of the 2000s, the first remains of German soldiers were still buried. In the summer of 2012, memorial plates were installed, the cemetery took on a European appearance. Military memorials are equipped at the Soviet cemetery, an Orthodox chapel in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky has been built . | Ostashkovskoye Highway; | |
| 6 | Rzhev branch of Tver State University . It is located in one of the historic houses along Bolshaya Ilyinskaya Street (now Lenin ). The house was built in 1894 . Before the revolution, it housed the urban estate of a wealthy merchant Tsybin [5] . His wife was the regent of the church choir of the Pokrovskaya (Old Believers) Church . After the October Revolution, together with her husband and daughter, she actively participated in anti-Soviet activities. | Lenin Street , house number 5; | |
| 7 | Central market. The largest market of the city of Rzhev and the district. Built in the late 1980s according to the design of the architectural workshop of the USC ENPI [6] , architect: M. Bubnov, engineers: V. Travush, M. Zapol. The market was built under the replacement of the old city market, located on the square of the Commune. From a distance, the silhouette of the central market resembles the outlines of the Egyptian pyramids, inside its one spacious hall. The market is multidisciplinary: collective farm, clothing, food and meat. | Labor Street, house number 1; | |
| eight | Kalinin houses. Four-storey residential buildings built in 1936 in the style of Soviet monumental classicism . Adjoin from the north to the Revolution Square . The houses were intended for employees of the Kalinin Railway Administration , which was located in Rzhev until 1953 , therefore they were called βKalininskyβ. Notable for the fact that they are the first comfortable houses of Rzhev, where water and centralized heating appeared. In the period of the Great Patriotic War , in the summer - autumn of 1942, bloody battles with the Nazi troops were conducted behind the houses. In one of these battles, Senior Sergeant Nikita Golovnya heroically died, who closed the embrasure of the enemy bunker. A memorial plaque on one of the houses tells about this fact. Today "Kalinin houses" are considered one of the most beautiful in the city. | Leningrad highway home number 29, 31/1; | |
| 9 | Post office. Remarkable building on Soviet square built in the style of Soviet monumental classicism . Originally it was built as the βPalace of Sovietsβ, however after construction the purpose of the building was changed. Now here are the central telegraph and mail . | Soviet Square , house number 16; | |
| ten | Monument to Lenin on Soviet Square. The monumental monument to V.I. Lenin was erected in 1938 [7] in the southern part of Sovetskaya Square. A platform for demonstrations has been attached to the monument. Below the monument there is an extensive venue where, during the Soviet era, meetings and demonstrations are held now. During the Great Patriotic War, the monument was destroyed and rebuilt in 1952 , although in another version - the leader lowered his right hand. | Sovetskaya square ; | |
| eleven | Monument to the revolutionaries . Located on Revolution Square . It symbolizes the unity of the revolutionary soldiers, workers and peasants. The images of the delegates of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets from the city of Rzhev: K. G. Zhigunova, I. Kh. Bodyakshina and Sh. S. Ioffe [8] were taken as the basis. The opening of the monument took place on November 7, 1987 , on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Great October Revolution . The monument is a square platform on which are installed three pedestal next to each other with busts. Developing bronze ribbons and a sign reading "Long live the revolution of the workers, soldiers and peasants" are fixed on the pedestals. On the sides of the platform there are stair descents, in the corners there are beds decorated with the image of "sickle and hammer". | Square of the Revolution ; | |
| 12 | Monument to the gunners who liberated Rzhev. The monument was opened in November 1967 [9] . The 57-mm anti-tank gun of the 1941 model (ZIS-2) was placed on a pedestal of 3x6x1.5 meters made of stone and concrete. There is a memorial plaque on which is engraved: βHere, river slopes are washed with blood, Concrete of batteries is impregnated with smoke here, the soldiers kept the course towards immortality in the battles for the freedom of their homelandβ. | Walk of Fame; | |
| 13 | Obelisk to the liberators of Rzhev . It is installed on a massive granite pedestal on the high bank of the Volga River . On four sides, wide stairs lead to the base of the pedestal. The pedestal shows bas-reliefs glorifying the heroism of the Great Patriotic War , inscriptions praising the heroes, and the text of the Soviet Information Bureau report for March 3, 1943. At the foot of the obelisk the tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Eternal Flame . Nearby are the mass graves of commanders of the Red Army, Rzhevsk partisans and underground fighters. A. F. Kupriyanov , A. P. Teleshev , V. I. Novozhenov , A. V. Belyakov , V. E. Eliseev, S. M. Lebedev and many others rest here [10] . The obelisk was designed by architects A. Usachev and T. Shulginoy, sculptors: V. Mukhin, V. Fedchenko and I. Chumak. Solemnly opened on August 1, 1963 . | Mound of Glory; | |
| 14 | Alley of Heroes of the Soviet Union participants of the Battle of Rzhev. Opened June 27, 2008 in the park named after Gratsinsky and dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The project was carried out on the initiative of the Association of Tver affiliates, at the expense of popular funds. Here, on the memorial tables, all the Heroes of the Soviet Union who participated in the Battle of Rzhev , from three times the Hero of Marshal Pokryshkin , to ordinary soldiers are commemorated. | Pushkin Embankment; | |
| 15 | Stela "Rzhev - City of Military Glory . " Opened on May 8, 2010 in memory of awarding Rzhev the honorary title "City of Military Glory" . It is a 10 meter granite monument [11] , on the pedestal of which there is a plaque with the text of the Decree awarding Rzhev the honorary title βCity of Military Gloryβ, along the edges of the monument there are four cubes with bas-reliefs depicting the main milestones of the cityβs military history. The top of the stele is decorated with a gilded coat of arms of the Russian Federation . | Sovetskaya square ; | |
| sixteen | Monument to the military commissar V.V. Gratsinsky . The obelisk monument to the first Rzhev military commissar Vasily Vasilyevich Gratsinsky was solemnly opened at his grave on the first anniversary of the Great October Revolution - November 7, 1918 . The obelisk is made of black marble and is a cylindrical column, set on a four-sided base, at the foot of the plate with the inscription - "Remember October 1917-1918. The years of the Great Struggle for Socialism." The monument was made in Moscow by the project of the Rzhev architect D.V. Chupyatov [12] . The 27-year-old military officer Gratsinsky, the commander of a detachment of 1000 bayonets, fell in battle with the White Czechs on September 2, 1918 near the village of Morkvashi near Kazan and was buried on September 11, 1918 in Rzhev, in the Nikolsky Garden, now bearing his name. | Sovetskaya square ; | |
| 17 | Monument to Soviet pilots - aircraft "MiG-17" . Installed on the high left bank of the Kholynki in 1973 in honor of the Soviet pilots who liberated Rzhev. The choice in favor of this type of aircraft was not accidental. It was the MiG-17 after the war that successfully mastered the Rzhev aviation garrison, commanded by the famous pilot-ace Alexander Pokryshkin . Both Pokryshkin himself and many of his subordinates were direct participants in the Rzhev battle , and it was the work of mastering this machine that then tied all the Rzhev front-line soldiers together. The monument is a plane of the MiG-17PFU modification equipped with cannon and rocket armament, raised to a high pedestal consisting of three plates, under each landing gear of the aircraft. The monument is set up in such a way that from the right bank of the river Kholynki and from the obelisk to the liberators of the city a great view of the plane opens up. MiG-17 as it soars over the valley of the river. | Neighborhood "Seven winds" ; | |
| 18 | Monument to Colonel General Aviation M. M. Gromov . It was installed in a public garden on a hill near the Kholynka River , next to the MiG-17 aircraft monument . The monument was made in the framework of the project βAlley of Russian Gloryβ, its author and embodiment - sculptor M. L. Serdyukov and donated to the city by them. The grand opening of the monument took place on July 15, 2017 [13] . The installation of the monument to M. M. Gromov on Rzhev land is not accidental. The famous aviator spent his childhood in Rzhev, his parents lived here for a long time. | Neighborhood "Seven winds" ; | |
| nineteen | The building of the State Bank. Built in 1908 as a branch of the Ryabushinsky banking house. The opening of the branch was connected with the decision of the Ryabushinskys to engage in flax production. The choice fell on Rzhev, where by 1912 the Ryabushinskys launched their first factory, RALO. By 1917, the Ryabushinsky concentrated in their hands 17.5% of the total flax production of the Russian Empire. The building of the banking house is made in the best traditions of Russian modern . The abundance of architectural details in conjunction with the carefully thought out decorative decoration of the facade and the tower with a spire creates a unique flavor. In Soviet times, the spire was surmounted by a five-pointed star made of red glass, similar to the Kremlin stars . | Pushkin Embankment, house number 17; | |
| 20 | House of Merchants Exemplary. The monument of architecture of the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX century. Built in the style of early classicism. | Sovetskaya square ; | |
| 21 | The building of the former female gymnasium. The Women's High School in Rzhev was opened in 1893 . Girls with 8 years of all classes were accepted into it. Training was paid. To help girls from low-income families, funding was provided from the city budget. In 1911, about 300 girls studied at the gymnasium. During the German occupation of the city, from 1941 to 1943 , the building housed the Rzhevsky 4th Division of the Gestapo . After the war, the building was transferred to the garment factory "Chaika". | Volodarsky Street, house number 101/4; | |
| 22 | Hotel "Rzhev". Nine-storey modern hotel with 76 rooms [14] . The rooms have TVs, refrigerators, electric kettles and, depending on the room category, microwaves and air conditioners. The hotel is located in the city center, on the high bank of the Volga River. The windows offer picturesque views of the city. On the ground floor of the hotel and in the annexes are located: a restaurant, cafe, billiards, casino, disco, concert hall, massage parlor, hairdresser and shop. | Lenin Street , house number 2; | |
| 23 | The building of the station "Rzhev-I" . Built in 1960 [15] to replace the old Alexander Station opened in 1874 and destroyed during the Great Patriotic War . All passing passenger trains stop at the station. [sixteen] | Leningrad highway house number 1; | |
| 24 | German buildings in Porto . "German" in Rzhev is called some buildings that were built or restored by the captured Germans immediately after the war. The Germans worked in Rzhev from 1943 until the end of 1946 and during that time managed to put in order many city houses. Prisoners were kept in harsh conditions, lived in isolation in the old building of the Rzhev prison (now SIZO No. 3 ). The houses in the military camp "Rzhev-3" (Port) were intended for the pilots of the 88th Fighter Aviation Corps, after the war stationed in Rzhev. Often used in the construction of captured building materials and documentation. The first four pre-war houses in Porto were popularly referred to as the βhouses of the colonelβ because of their location one after the other, like βsleepersβ on the buttonholes of the colonels of those times [17] . | Chelyuskintsev Street house number 13 - 20; |
Main streets of the area
- Lenin Street ;
- Leningrad highway ;
- Karl Marx Street ;
- Bekhtereva street .
Notes
- β Recall how it all began ... (Rzhevsky Vestnik) (inaccessible link)
- β Building of the Zemsky goverment (photo) City Internet portal Rzhev
- β Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia on the website "Temples of Russia"
- β Church of Great Martyr Varvara on the website "Temples of Russia"
- β About the old buildings of Rzhev on the cityβs Internet portal
- β About the βcentral marketβ object on the ENPI website (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived March 6, 2016.
- β About memory and monuments (newspaper βByl New Rzhevβ) Archived on September 5, 2012.
- β NP InfoRost. GPIB | Second All-Russian Congress of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. - M .; L., 1928. . elib.shpl.ru. The appeal date is November 1, 2016.
- β Where did the gun go from the pedestal? (on the website Tverlife.ru)
- β In the newspaper "Byl New Rzhev" (inaccessible link)
- Information about the commemorative stele on the website of the newspaper βBusiness Territoryβ
- β About Gratsinsky V. V. on the website of the Central Library. A. N. Ostrovsky
- β On the opening of the monument to Colonel General Aviation M. M. Gromov in Rzhev (the site of the IPO βPark of Heroesβ)
- β Hotel "Rzhev"
- ΠΡ βByl of the New Rzhevβ Rzhev-I - Memorable dates of the city Archived January 6, 2014.
- β Rzhev-Belorussky on Yandex schedules
- β Ladygin I. Z., Smirnov N. I. - βAt the Rzhevsky Lineβ. Upper Volga Association of Periodical Press. Rzhev. 1992