Eremurus , or Shiryash [2] ( lat. Erémurus ) - a genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the subfamily Asphodelaceae ( Asphodelaceae ) of the Xanthorrhoeaceae family .
| Eremurus | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Eremurus himalaicus ( Eremurus himalaicus ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Eremurus M. Bieb. (1810) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Eremurus spectabilis M. bieb. - Eremurus is representative , or Eremurus is wonderful | |||||||||||||||||||||
Botanical Description
The rhizome is short, often surrounded by the remains of old leaves from above. The roots are fleshy, crowded, cylindrical or spindle-shaped thickened.
The stalk is single, leafless, emerging from the basal rosette and carrying a flower brush .
The leaves are often numerous, linearly trihedral, bottom keeled, narrow or wide, flat.
The flower brush is elongated, large. The flowers are white, pink, dirty red, yellow or brown, sitting one at a time in the bosom of the bract . The perianth is bell-shaped or cup-shaped, withering, lobes are free or fused at the base. Stamens 6, subpesticular, with filiform filaments. Anthers are oblong or linear. Three - ovary ovary ; thread-like column ; the stigma is small.
Capsule almost spherical, membranous or semi-woody, smooth or less transversely wrinkled, three-nested, cracking into three leaves. Seeds are irregularly trihedral, with sharp edges.
In some species of Eremurus, an interesting adaptation is observed for cross- pollination by insects . The perianth straightened at the beginning of flowering immediately after ripening and pollen emergence withers, wraps, and presents a dirty brown lump on which its juicy green keel processes of the petals stand out well. The fly Sirphus pirastri , which feeds on green leaf aphids, rushes at these green swellings, taking them for aphids, and is smeared with sticky pollen, which it transfers to other flowers [3] .
Distribution and Ecology
Representatives of the genus are found in arid habitats in West and Central Asia , as well as in southern Europe .
The most common of them - representative Eremurus ( Eremurus spectabilis ) with brownish-yellow flowers, is also found in the Caucasus , and Crimean Eremurus ( Eremurus tauricus ) - in the Crimea .
Economic Significance and Application
Eremurus Altai, Olga, powerful, Regel are used as food and dyeing plants. The leaves and roots of Regel's eremurus paint wool and silk in pink, yellow and olive colors [4] .
Glue can be obtained from the representative eremurus root, since it contains the polysaccharide eremuran , which is considered a valuable substitute for gum arabic . The glue was used in bookbinding and shoemaking. Perhaps this glue was part of the cement of many ancient buildings in Central Asia, preserved to this day [4] .
All species are very decorative, many need protection [4] . In central Russia, the following species and varieties are used as garden plants: Eremurus Himalayan ( E. himalaicus ), Eremurus Altai ( E. altaicus ), Eremurus powerful ( E. robustus ), Eremurus Olga ( E. olgae ), Eremurus comb ( E . cristatus ), 'Cleopatra' - orange flowers, 'Romance' - pink flowers, 'Isobel' - salmon flowers [5] .
In Culture
The landing site is as sunny and dry as possible. The soil is sandy or sandy. On clay soils, it is necessary to mix clay with sand and pour sand under the rhizome and on top. The depth of planting of rhizomes is about 15 cm. By the end of summer, the aerial part of eremurus dies, at this time you can dig up the rhizomes and divide them. Then they should be dried for 2-3 weeks in a shady dry place and can again be planted in a permanent place [5] .
Classification
Taxonomy
The genus Eremurus is part of the subfamily Asphodelaceae of the Xanthorrhoeaceae family of the order Asparagales .
| 24 more families (according to APG II System ) | ||||||||||||
| about 45 species | ||||||||||||
| Asparagus order | clan Eremurus | |||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Asphodel family | |||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | 13 more births | |||||||||||
List of Species
The genus Eremurus includes 60 species [6] :
- Eremurus afghanicus gilli
- Eremurus aitchisonii Baker - Eremurus Echison , or Eremurus Elves
- Eremurus alaicus Khalk.
- Eremurus albertii Regel - Eremurus Alberta
- Eremurus × albocitrinus baker
- Eremurus altaicus ( Pall. ) Steven - Eremurus Altai
- Eremurus ammophilus Vved.
- Eremurus anisopterus ( Kar. & Kir. ) Regel - Eremurus unequal , or Eremurus Korolkova
- Eremurus azerbajdzhanicus Kharkev. - Eremurus azerbaijan
- Eremurus bactrianus wendelbo
- Eremurus brachystemon Vved. - Eremurus Short-stamen
- Eremurus bucharicus Regel - Eremurus Bukhara
- Eremurus candidus vved. - Eremurus white
- Eremurus cappadocicus J. Gay ex Baker
- Eremurus chinensis O. Fedtsch.
- Eremurus chloranthus popov
- Eremurus comosus O. Fedtsch. - Eremurus crested
- Eremurus cristatus Vved. - Eremurus comb
- Eremurus dolichomischus Vved. & Wendelbo
- Eremurus furseorum wendelbo
- Eremurus fuscus ( O. Fedtsch. ) Vved. - Eremurus tanned
- Eremurus hilariae Popov & Vved. - Eremurus Ilaria
- Eremurus himalaicus Baker - Eremurus Himalayan
- Eremurus hissaricus Vved. - Eremurus the Hissar , or Eremurus crestiform
- Eremurus iae Vved.
- Eremurus inderiensis ( M. Bieb. ) Regel - Eremurus Inder
- Eremurus jungei Juz.
- Eremurus kaufmannii Regel - Eremurus Kaufmann
- Eremurus kopet-daghensis Karrer - Eremurus Kopetdag
- Eremurus korovinii B. Fedtsch. - Eremurus Korovina
- Eremurus korshinskyi O. Fedtsch. - Eremurus Korzhinsky
- Eremurus lachnostegius Vved. - Eremurus shaggy
- Eremurus lactiflorus O. Fedtsch. - Eremurus milky-flowered , or Eremurus milky-flowered
- Eremurus × ludmillae Levichev & Priszter
- Eremurus luteus Baker - Eremurus yellow , or Eremurus Kapu
- Eremurus micranthus Vved.
- Eremurus nuratavicus APKhokhr. - Eremurus Nuratavsky
- Eremurus olgae Regel - Eremurus Olga
- Eremurus parviflorus Regel - Small-flowered Eremurus
- Eremurus persicus ( Jaub. & Spach ) Boiss.
- Eremurus pubescens Vved. - Eremurus fluffy
- Eremurus rechingeri wendelbo
- Eremurus regelii Vved. - Eremurus Regel
- Eremurus robustus ( Regel ) Regel - Eremurus powerful
- Eremurus roseolus Vved. - Eremurus pinkish , or Eremurus amazing
- Eremurus saprjagajevii B. Fedtsch . - Eremurus Zapryagaeva
- Eremurus sogdianus ( Regel ) Benth. & Hook.f. - Eremurus Sogdian
- Eremurus spectabilis M. bieb. - Eremurus is representative , or Eremurus is wonderful
- Eremurus stenophyllus ( Boiss. & Buhse ) Baker - Eremurus narrow-leaved , or Eremurus Bunge
- Eremurus subalbiflorus Vved. - Eremurus whitish-flowered
- Eremurus suworowii Regel - Eremurus Suvorova
- Eremurus tadshikorum Vved. - Eremurus Tajik
- Eremurus tauricus Steven - Crimean Eremurus
- Eremurus thiodanthus Juz.
- Eremurus tianschanicus Pazij & Vved. ex Pavlov - Eremurus Tien Shan
- Eremurus turkestanicus Regel - Eremurus Turkestan
- Eremurus wallii Rech.f.
- Eremurus zangezuricus mikheev
- Eremurus zenaidae Vved. - Eremurus Zinaida
- Eremurus zoae Vved. - Eremurus Zoe
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ According to the book “Flora of the USSR” (see section Literature ).
- ↑ Dubyansky, V.A. Eremur // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gubanov I.A. et al. Wild useful plants of the USSR / ed. ed. T.A. Rabotnov . - M .: Thought , 1976 .-- S. 60 .-- 360 s. - ( Reference guides to the geographer and traveler ).
- ↑ 1 2 G. Litavrin. Majestic eremurus . Compound (July 11, 2018).
- ↑ List of species of the Eremurus genus on The Plant List (English) (Retrieved September 29, 2016)
Literature
- Dubyansky, V.A. Eremur // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Fedchenko, B. A., Rod 262. Eremurus, Shiryash - Eremurus MB // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1935. - T. 4 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. - S. 37-52. - 760, XXX p. - 5175 copies.
- Khokhryakov, A.P. Eremurus and their culture / USSR Academy of Sciences; Ch. nerd. garden; open ed. M.V. Kultiasov. - M .: Nauka, 1965 .-- 127 p.
Links
- Eremurus - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- A Close-up View of the "Foxtail Lily" (Eremurus spectabilis) by Brian Johnston (Canada ) (Retrieved November 21, 2014)
- Litavrin G. Majestic eremurus . podvorje.ru.