Goose onions , or Avian onions ( lat. Gagea ) - a genus of herbaceous bulbous plants of the family Liliaceae ( Liliaceae ), common in temperate regions of Eurasia , as well as in North Africa .
| Goose bow | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gagea Salisb. , 1806 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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non designatus [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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All members of the genus are early spring ephemeroids . The total number of species - according to The Plant List - about two hundred [3] .
Content
Title
The genus received its scientific name in honor of Sir Thomas Gage ( English Thomas Gage , 1781 - 1820 ) - an English amateur botanist , researcher of the flora of Ireland and Portugal . [four]
Biological Description
The height of the plants is from 3 to 35 cm. Plants can have one bulb, but often several daughter bulbs are also formed, connected to the mother bulb with stolons .
Some species have roots of two types: going from the middle of the bottom vertically down (roots with positive geotropism ), and going from the edge of the bottom first down and then horizontally and up (roots with zero and negative geotropism). The roots of the second type braid the bulb, forming a kind of protective capsule.
The basal leaves are one or two, they are narrow, long, flat, their height usually exceeds the height of the inflorescence. The number of leaves on peduncles is from one to ten.
Inflorescences are umbellate , with a small number of flowers. The flowers are small, yellow, stellate. The perianth is simple , corolla-shaped , consists of six leaflets (segments) arranged in two circles. There are six stamens . Pollination occurs with the help of insects , which are attracted by nectar , accumulating between the bases of stamens and tepals.
The fruit is a box .
Soon after flowering, the aboveground part dies.
Goose bows intensively reproduce with the help of bulbs, which are formed on the bottom of the bulb, in the axils of the basal and stem leaves, and sometimes in place of the buds .
Application
Previously, some types of goose onions were used in folk medicine , and also boiled for food .
Classification
Taxonomic position
The genus Goose onions, as well as the closest genus Lloydia ( Lloydia ), as well as the genera Tulip ( Tulipa ) and Erythronium ( Erythronium ) are included in the tribe Tulip ( Tulipeae ), belonging to the subfamily Lily ( Lilioideae ) of the family Liliaceae ( 5) ] .
Some authors distinguish the genera Goose bow and Lloydia as a separate tribe Gageeae in the same subfamily [6] . Sometimes the genus Lloydia can be included in the genus Goose [7] .
| the class Dicotyledonous | 9 more families | |||||||||||||||
| Department Angiosperms | order Liliales | kind Goose Bow ( Gagea ) | ||||||||||||||
| kingdom Plants | the class Monocotyledonous | family Liliaceae ( Liliaceae ) | ||||||||||||||
| Department Gymnosperms | 9 more orders (according to APG II System ) | 16 more births see Liliaceae | ||||||||||||||
Views
The number of species in the genus Goose onion is about two hundred [3] (some authors indicate the number 280 [6] ).
In the European part of Russia there are:
- Gagea granulosa Turcz. - Onion goose onions . A plant up to 15 cm tall with numerous small bulbs forming at the base of the bulb. Pedicels are pubescent.
- Gagea lutea ( L. ) Ker Gawl. - Yellow goose onions . Plant up to 25 cm high; bulb single, without small bulbs. The tepals are green outside. The top of the basal leaf has the shape of a cap.
- Gagea minima ( L. ) Ker Gawl. - The goose is small . A plant up to 15 cm high with pointed tepals. Very quickly vegetatively propagated with the help of small bulbs formed at the base of the bulb.
- Gagea rubicunda Meinsh. - The goose bow is rosy , or the goose bow is reddish . Plant up to 15 cm high; bulb single, without small bulbs. The tepals are reddish outside - hence the name. At the end of flowering, small bulbs form in the inflorescence . The species is listed in the Red Books of Nature of the Leningrad Region and St. Petersburg.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ Information on the genus Gagea (English) in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
- ↑ 1 2 List of species of the genus Goose onion according to The Plant List (English) (lat.) (Retrieved May 29, 2013)
- ↑ Smith AW A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins. - Courier Dover Publications, 1997. - ISBN 0-486-29715-2 , ISBN 978-0-486-29715-6
- ↑ List of genera of the tribe Tulipeae on the GRIN website (inaccessible link)
- ↑ 1 2 Historia Gagearum Information System (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Lloydia (English) : information on the GRIN website.
Literature
- Goose // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Goose onions // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 t.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Mordak E.V. Lily family (Liliaceae) // Plant Life : in 6 tons / hl. ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan . - M .: Enlightenment , 1982. - T. 6: Flowering plants / ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana. - S. 72-91. - 543 p. - 300,000 copies.
- Illustrated identifier of plants of the Leningrad region / Ed. A. L. Budantseva and G. P. Yakovleva. - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, 2006 .-- S. 43, 625, 626, 631. - 799 p. - ISBN 5-87317-260-9 .
- M. Zarrei et al. Molecular systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae; Liliales): implications of analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequences for infrageneric classification // Ann Bot. - Oxford University Press, 2009 July. - Vol. 104 (1). - P. 125-142. - DOI : 10.1093 / aob / mcp103 .