Harrisburg ( born Harrisburg , MFA / hærɪsbɜrɡ / or / hɛərzbərɡ / ) is the county center of Salin County , Illinois , USA . Located approximately 92 km (57 miles) southwest of Evansville , Indiana , 179 km (111 miles) southeast of St. Louis , Missouri . It is located at the intersection of Route 45 and Illinois-13, Illinois-34 and Illinois-145. Due to its location, Harrisburg is sometimes called the “Gateway to the Shawnee National Forest ” [1] .
| City | |
| Harrisburg | |
|---|---|
| English Harrisburg | |
 | |
| A country |  USA |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Salin |
| The mayor | Eric Gregg |
| History and Geography | |
| Based | 1853 |
| First mention | 1847 |
| City with | 1889 |
| Square | 17 km² |
| NUM height | 121 m |
| Timezone | UTC − 5 ; summer UTC − 4 |
| Population | |
| Population | ▲ 9017 people ( 2010 ) |
| Density | 530.4 people / km² |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +1 618 |
| Postcode | 62946 |
| thecityofharrisburgil.com | |
In 2010, the population of the city amounted to 9017 people, and together with the township - 10790 people [2] . The peak of the population occurred in the 1930s , when it reached 16 thousand people. It was one of the most populous areas of the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area [3] [4] . Since then, the city has experienced an economic downturn due to lower demand for high sulfur coal , the remoteness of the New York Central Railway, and frequent floods flooding a significant area around the city, making it difficult to develop and grow these territories.
Content
History
Previously, the places where Harrisburg is located were inhabited by tribes who speak Algonkin languages , including Shauni and Piankasho , who lived in dense forests in the country. Shortly before the arrival of the white settlers, the Piancasho tribe was supplanted by the more aggressive Shauni. The first European settlers, mainly from France , began to explore Illinois since the 1690s , settling mainly along the Mississippi River . English-speaking settlers began to arrive here only around 1790 . Europeans were able to peacefully and fruitfully interact with each other, as well as with the Indians of these lands. However, pervasive English law ignored all previous rights of the indigenous peoples of America , the encroachment on which led to a conflict between Indians and settlers [5] .
Harrisburg was born a few miles south of the confluence of the Goshen and Shawnitown-Kaskaska roads, one of the first trade routes in the country. Before the Anglo-American War , most of the population of Salin County lived in cabins grouped around blockhouses to protect themselves from attacks by Indians and wildlife, including bears and wild cats. As the new settlers continued to arrive, the need arose to create permanent settlements, the first of which appeared in 1814 . By 1840, the number of settlers had already exceeded the number of Native Americans , and by 1845 the population of baribal bears was practically exterminated [5] .
Harrisburg was founded at the beginning of the second industrial revolution , shortly after the creation of Salin County in 1847 , isolated from part of the Gallatin County. The city was named after James Alexander Harris, who built his house here in 1820 and planted a corn field in the area of the current city square [6] .
In 1852, Harris, along with John Punk, James Yandell, and John Cain, donated part of their land to a special commission of the Baptist Church , which gathered after complaints about the need to create a new county center . Then he was Raleigh . There were no roads in the district at that time, and many residents of Carrier Mills and Stonefort were lost when traveling to the northern settlements - Raleigh, Galatia and Eldorado. The 18-meter-high sandy hill overlooking the Salin River and the valley called Crusoe Island became the new location of the district center. Despite the shortage of oak trees and impenetrable thickets of hazel , this place was convenient, as it was in the very center of the district. In 1853, Harrisburg became a village and occupied an area of 20 acres (81 thousand m²), and in 1859 it received the status of a county center [6] .
Between 1860 and 1865 , when cotton became unavailable during the Civil War , Harrisburg was one of the few cities where woolen mills continued to operate. As a result of this, he became one of the industrial centers in southern Illinois. In addition, there were many mills in Harrisburg [7] . In 1872, the construction of the Cairo and Vincennes Railroad was completed, led by Ambrose Everett Burnside and a civil war veteran, General Green Berry Raum, who lived at that time in Harrisburg [1] .
In 1896, at the southern end of the main street, Robert King opened a brick factory capable of producing 15 thousand bricks every 10 hours. The Barnes Lumber Company launched its sawmill here in 1899 , and in 1904 it reached its full capacity, producing the entire range of lumber and is currently the oldest operating mill in the city [8] .
During the era of reconstruction of the South, economic conditions made it inappropriate to grow cotton and tobacco , grain and dairy farms, reforestation and coal mining became commercially viable [6] . In 1889, the population of the city was 1,500 people [1] .
Demographics
According to the 2010 US Census [9] , 9017 people live in the city. Of the 8765 people belonging to the same race, 7983 (88.5%) were white, 589 (6.5%) were African Americans , 45 were Native Americans , 74 were Asians , and 8 were indigenous to Hawaii or other Pacific islands . and 66 people of other races. The Hispanic population was 209 (2.3%) people. There were 4,193 housing units, of which 3,753 (89.5%) were occupied and 440 (10.5%) were free.
Geography and climate
According to the US Census Bureau, the total city area is 16.57 km² (6.4 mi²), of which 16 km² (6.2 mi²) is land. The city center, as well as Dorrisville and Gaskins City stand on top of a sandy hill, rising 103 m above sea level [37], next to the Salin River Valley ( ). Previously, the river was mostly navigable, it was used by the first settlers to transport salt. Every spring, the river caused floods and flooding of significant territories, and measures to drain its territories led to serious floods [10] .
Climate
Harrisburg is located on the border between a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate , there are no mountains or large bodies of water that can mitigate the climate. The region is affected by both cold Arctic air and hot, humid tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico . The highest average temperature was recorded in July - 20 ° C (89 ° F), and the lowest average temperature - -6 ° C (22 ° F) in January. However, summer temperatures can often exceed 42 ° C, and winter temperatures can drop to -17 ° C. The average monthly rainfall is about 130 mm. From November to April, precipitation is often in the form of snow, an average of 180 mm per month. The highest temperature of 45 ° C (113 ° F) was recorded on July 13, 1936 , and the lowest temperature of -31.0 ° C (-23.0 ° F) was recorded on February 2, 1951 [11] .
| Harrisburg Climate (2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 25.6 | 26.7 | 34,4 | 35.6 | 37.8 | 41.1 | 45 | 43.9 | 42.8 | 36.7 | 30.6 | 25.6 | 45 |
| Average maximum, ° C | 6.3 | 8.4 | 14.6 | 20.8 | 26 | 30.7 | 32.8 | 32,2 | 28.8 | 22.4 | 14.6 | 7.9 | 20,4 |
| Average temperature, ° C | 1,2 | 2.9 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 19,4 | 24.2 | 26.2 | 25,4 | 21.6 | 15.1 | 8.6 | 2.9 | 14.2 |
| Average minimum ° C | −4 | −2.6 | 2,4 | 7.7 | 12.8 | 17.6 | 19.5 | 18.6 | 14,4 | 7.8 | 2.6 | −2.1 | 7.9 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −30 | −30.6 | −22.2 | −5.6 | −1.7 | 4.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | −2.8 | −7.8 | −19.4 | −23.9 | −30.6 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 93 | 74 | 112 | 108 | 112 | 100 | 91 | 90 | 80 | 80 | 88 | 91 | 1119 |
| Source: Averages for Harrisburg, IL | |||||||||||||
Government and city services
Harrisburg has the status of a county center and is governed by a four-member city council led by the mayor [12] .
The Harrisburg Police Department has a Sheriff’s Department with 13 officers. Also on constant duty are 7 members of the fire department and 15 call-center specialists. The Fire Department has a medical center, three fire engines , a rescue truck, a 4x4 truck and a 9,000 liter tank truck [12] .
The city has its own water supply system, which includes a water tank with a volume of 22 thousand m³. Water treatment facilities allow pumping 15 thousand m³ of water daily, although on average the city consumes about 10 thousand m³ [12] .
Education
For educational purposes, the city community is served by Unit School District 3, which includes two primary schools, a high school and a high school with senior classes. More than 2300 pupils study in the city’s schools, of which 1300 study in the East Side and West Side primary schools. Malan Junior High School was the only high school until 2005 , when the construction of another school for 300 students was completed. For preschool children there are seven kindergartens [12] .
Southeast Illinois College campus offers a 2-year degree program to the east of the city’s border on an area of 60 hectares. The college was founded in 1960, more than 2,000 students study here [12] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Community Profile Presents, Harrisburg . Harrisburg Illinois Library. Date of treatment February 20, 2012. Archived on September 13, 2012.
- ↑ Find a County . National Association of Counties. Date of treatment February 20, 2012. Archived July 12, 2012.
- ↑ Schwieterman, Joseph. When the railroad leaves town: American communities in the age of rail line abandonment. - Truman State University, 2002. - P. 59. - ISBN 0943549981 .
- ↑ Census of population and housing (link unavailable) . US Census Bureau. Date of treatment February 20, 2012. Archived on September 13, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Mardos, Pam. The History of Southern Illinois. - 2006.
- ↑ 1 2 3 A History of Saline County and a Brief History of Harrisburg, Illinois. - Illinois State Historical Society, 1934. - P. 25.
- ↑ Hitchens, Harold. Illinois, a Descriptive and Historical Guide. - US History Publishers, 1947. - P. 430. - ISBN 1603540121 .
- ↑ Digital Sanborn Maps (English) (link not available) . Harrisburg Illinois Library. Date of treatment February 28, 2012. Archived on September 13, 2012.
- ↑ American FactFinder (inaccessible link) . United States Census Bureau. Date of treatment February 28, 2012. Archived on September 7, 2012.
- ↑ Amos Henry Worthen. Geological survey of Illinois, Volume 6. - State Journal Steam Press, 1875.
- ↑ Ann Arbor Weather Records and Averages (inaccessible link) . The Weather Channel Interactive, Inc .. Date accessed February 28, 2012. Archived September 13, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Harrisburg, Illinois . Community Profile Network, Inc .. Accessed February 28, 2012. Archived September 13, 2012.