Count Johann von Klenau, Baron von Janowitz ( German: Johann Graf von Klenau, Freiherr von Janovitz , Czech. Klenowsky z Klenowé , 1758-1819) - Austrian cavalry general, participant in the Napoleonic Wars.
| Johann von Klenau | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| him. Johann Graf von Klenau, Freiherr von Janovitz , Czech Klenowsky z klenowé | ||||||
 | ||||||
| Date of Birth | April 13, 1758 | |||||
| Place of Birth | Prague | |||||
| Date of death | October 6, 1819 (61 years old) | |||||
| Place of death | Brno | |||||
| Affiliation |  Austrian Empire | |||||
| Type of army | ||||||
| Rank | Field Marshal | |||||
| Battles / wars | War of the Bavarian Succession , Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791) , War of the First Coalition , War of the Second Coalition , War of the Third Coalition , War of the Fifth Coalition , War of the Sixth Coalition | |||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Biography
Born in Prague on April 13, 1758, came from an old Czech noble family of Klenowski from Klenova.
On October 1, 1774 he entered military service as a cadet in the 47th Infantry Regiment of the Austrian Army.
In 1778-1779 he participated in the war for the Bavarian inheritance , was promoted to the regiment of the 5th Lancers. Then, in the rank of major in 1788, he was on a campaign against Turkey .
In 1793 he was already a lieutenant colonel . In the same year he was with the army on the Rhine , commanded by General Count Wurmser , and was used mainly by partisans, which he was especially capable of. For military distinctions, he was awarded the small cross of the military order of Maria Theresa on October 30, 1795.
Subsequently, already in the rank of colonel , Clenau was in Italy , where in 1799 he again waged a minor war , for the distinction under Mantua he received the rank of major general as a reward. After the battle of Trebbia, he pursued MacDonald to Tuscany , dispersing the small detachments left by the French everywhere, was under siege of Genoa , but at the beginning of 1800 he was again transferred to the army operating against the French in Germany . October 28, 1800 promoted to Field Marshal-lieutenant .
In the war of 1805, Klenau, being with the Austrian army in Bavaria , was captured under Ulm . He returned from captivity to the battle of Austerlitz , in which he commanded all the cavalry.
During the campaign of 1809, he commanded the vanguard of the 2nd Corps, and then the whole army, and especially distinguished himself in the battles of Aspern and Wagram , for which he was awarded the commander’s cross of the military order of Maria Theresa .
In 1812, Klenau was granted secret advisers, and the following year received a corps in the main army assembled in Bohemia . In the battle of Dresden , his troops made up the extreme left flank of the Allied army for the Sixth Coalition , from which however they were separated by the Plauen ravine; he was somewhat late to arrive, which was the reason for the significant losses in the Merfeld corps, especially from the strong cavalry attacks of Joachim Murat .
After the battle of Leipzig, Count Clenau commanded the blockade of Dresden , and agreed to a free retreat from the city of the French garrison under the command of Marshal Saint-Cyr . Prince Schwarzenberg did not approve this surrender and ordered an investigation over Klenau. Since then, Klenau has not taken part in hostilities and served in military-administrative posts. In 1815 he was appointed commander of the Austrian forces in Moravia .
He lived on his estates in Bohemia , until his death on October 6, 1819 in Brno [1] .
Notes
- ↑ Some sources in the Russian language named 1822, but this contradicts German-speaking sources.
Sources
- Military encyclopedic lexicon . T. VIII. - St. Petersburg, 1855. - S. 238—239
- Military Encyclopedia / Ed. V.F. Novitsky and others - St. Petersburg. : t. in I.V. Sytin, 1911-1915. - S. 590.
- Encyclopedia of Military and Naval Sciences / Compiled under the general editorship of Lieutenant General G. A. Leer , Honored Professor of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff . - SPb. : printing house of V. Bezobrazov and Co. °, 1889. - V. IV. - S. 272.
- Zalessky K. A. Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M., 2003
- Klenau von Janowitz Johann Graf. In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 (ÖBL). Band 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1965, S. 397.
- Klenau, Johann Graf // Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). - Bd. 16. - Lpz. : Duncker & Humblot, 1882. - S. 156-157. (German)
- Hirtenfeld J. Der Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden und Seine Mitglieder. Zweite abthelung. 1805-1850. - Wien, 1857. - S. 894-898, 1737