National Committee of the Republic of Estonia est. Eesti Vabariigi Rahvuskomitee (EVR) - the pre-parliament that arose in Estonia occupied by the Wehrmacht at the end of World War II . [1] The committee was created by politicians representing the parties that existed in the pre-war Republic of Estonia, including Prime Minister J. Uluots , who was removed from power by the Soviet troops in 1940 and became acting Estonian President in exile after the Soviet authorities arrested Estonian President Konstantin Päts . [2] The latest act of the Estonian National Committee was the creation of the Government of Otto Tiif . [2] [3] [4]
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Government of Otto Tiif
- 3 Composition of the government of Otto Tiif
- 4 See also
- 5 Links
- 6 notes
History
Since its inception, the National Committee has been supported by many politicians from among those who were in Estonia at that time, including representatives of both the pro-government and the opposition wing of the political elite of the second half of the 1930s . The aim of the committee was to restore Estonia’s independence based on the principle of succession of the Republic of Estonia.
The first meeting of the Committee took place on February 14, the second on March 23, 1944. Kaarel Liidak (Liideman) [1] was elected Chairman, Ernst Kull [2] , Oscar Myand, Oscar Gustavson, Johan Reigo [3] [4] and Johan Kaarlimäe. In March 1944, the occupation administration of H. Mäe - K. Litsman recognized the EVR as the EVR agreed to support the mobilization of Estonian residents into the German army. The activities of the EVR were noticeably weakened by the arrest in April 1944 by the German security police of many committee members and the forced retirement of those who remained at large. In July, the National Committee resumed its activities. Otto Tief , co-opted into the Committee , became a contact person between the EVR and J. Uluots in underground conditions. [5]
On August 1, the National Committee declared itself the bearer of the highest state power in Estonia. The committee published a declaration thus defining its objectives:
the exercise of state power before the entry into force of constitutional bodies in Estonia, and especially the organization of the defense of the Estonian state and people.
Government of Otto Tiif
On August 18, appointed by the Committee as interim president, Uri Uluots, began to form a national government led by Otto Tiif , who by that time had been elected head of the National Committee. [5] The next day, August 19, Uri Uluots went on the air with a call to exert all his strength to fight the advancing troops of the Red Army and join German collaborative groups. On August 25, at a meeting of the Committee, J. Uluots announced the composition of his proposed government and those of its members who were not yet part of the EVR were co-opted there. After the Germans decided to withdraw their troops from Estonia, J. Uluots on September 18, 1944 approved the government led by O. Tiif. [6] On September 21, the smaller blue-black-white flag of Estonia was solemnly hoisted on the Long Herman Tower in Tallinn next to the German military flag ( German die Reichskriegsflagge ). [7]
After the government of O. Tiif took office, the National Committee of the Republic of Estonia ceased operations on September 20, 1944. [8]
One of the first steps of the Tiif government was the declaration of neutrality in the war. [9] Over the short period of its existence, the Government of Otto Tiif managed to publish two issues of the State Gazette . [3] The government of Otto Tiif lasted two days between the retreat of German troops from Tallinn and its occupation by Soviet troops.
On September 21, most members of Tiif's government left Tallinn. Only Otto Tiif and several of his colleagues remained here, who left Tallinn on the morning of September 22, immediately before the invasion of the Red Army tank units [10] .
On September 22, units of the Red Army attacked Tallinn. Having occupied the city, the Red Army removed the blue-black-and-white flag from the tower of Long German and the flag of the USSR was raised instead [9] . 7 members of the government of Tiif, including himself, were arrested by the NKVD, Maide was sentenced to be shot, Tiif was sentenced to 10 years, Susi and Pärtelpoeg - 8 years, Sumberg , Pikkov and Kaarlimäe - 5 years, all those sentenced to camps were deprived of civil rights for 5 years after serving the sentence [11] .
In modern Estonian historiography, the Government of Otto Typhus is seen as the legitimate government of Estonia.
Otto Tiif Government Composition
On September 18, 1944, the Acting President of the Republic and Prime Minister Yuri Uluots appointed the government under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Otto Tiif, composed of: [3]
- Otto Tiif is the acting Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.
- Johan Holberg - Minister of War, was later removed from the government [10]
- Hugo Pärtelpoeg - Minister of Finance
- Johannes Pikkov - Minister of Railways
- Rudolph Penno - Minister of Trade and Industry
- August Rey - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Johan Kaarlimäe - Minister without a briefcase
- Arnold Susie - Minister of Education
- Kaarel Liidak - Minister of Agriculture
- Waldemar Sumbberg - Minister of Social Affairs
- Johannes Klesment - Minister of Justice
Also included in the government.
- Oscar Gustavson - Comptroller
- Helmut Maandi [12] - Secretary of State
- Endel Inglist - Under Secretary of State
- Jaan Maide - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
- Richard Evel - Chancellor of Justice
- Johan Reigo - Head of Internal Security.
See also
- Tiif, Otto
- Tallinn operation (1944)
- Government of Estonia in exile
Links
- Otto Tief ja 1944. a. vahevalitsus Korporatsioon Rotalia, 2006 ISBN 9949-13-506-0 , ISBN 978-9949-13-506-6 (est.)
- Otto Tiif From memoirs and notes about 1939-1969 publ., Foreword, comment. and ref. material E.V. // Past: East. alm. - [Issue] 7. - M.: Progress: Phoenix, 1992. - S. 112-189: portr.
- Alexander Dyukov “Government” Otto Tiif: what was it?
- Alexander Dyukov . Estonian myth of "Soviet occupation"
Notes
- ↑ Liidak (Liideman) Kaarel (1889-1946)
- ↑ Kull Ernst Voldemar (1903-1972)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Resistance (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 4, 2012. Archived June 4, 2012.
- ↑ Reigo Johan (Reinart Johannes) (1906 -?)
- ↑ 1 2 Otto Tiif From memoirs and notes on 1939-1969 publ., Foreword, comment. and ref. material E.V. // Past: East. alm. - [Issue] 7. - M.: Progress: Phoenix, 1992. - S. 112-189: portr.
- ↑ Government Appointment
- ↑ Alexander Dyukov 1. Government of Otto Typhus: Flags over Tallinn // Estonian myth of “Soviet occupation”. In the book. Great slandered war-2. We have nothing to repent for !: Collection / A. Dyukov, D. Makeev, I. Pykhalov, O. Rossov, I. Petrov, K. Asmolov, N. Mendkovich; ed. A. Dyukov. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 432 p. 2008 ISBN 978-5-699-25622-8
- ↑ Article about NERC in Estonica
- ↑ 1 2 March Laar. Why Estonians cannot stand the Bronze Soldier 05/09/2006
- ↑ 1 2 March Laar Government of Tiifa 09/22/2008
- ↑ Tiif O. From memoirs and notes about 1939-1969. // Past: East. alm. - [Vol. 7. - M.: Progress: Phoenix, 1992. - S. 112-189]
- ↑ Designation of Helmut Maandi's birthplace in Sikeldi