Maritsa [1] ( Bulgarian Maritsa , tour. Meriç ), Evros [2] ( Greek Έβρος , lat. Hebrus ) is one of the largest rivers on the Balkan Peninsula . In translations of ancient literature , as well as works on the history of antiquity, the ancient Greek name "Evr" or "Gebr" is used [3] .
| Maritsa | |
|---|---|
| bulg. Maritsa | |
 Maritsa in Edirne | |
| Characteristic | |
| Length | 490 km |
| Pool | 53,846 km² |
| Water consumption | 200 m³ / s |
| Watercourse | |
| Source | |
| • Location | Near the town of Dolna Banya in southern Bulgaria |
| • Height | 2378 m |
| • Coordinates | |
| Mouth | Aegean Sea |
| • Location | 14.5 km east of Alexandroupolis |
| • Height | 0 m |
| • Coordinates | |
| Location | |
| Water system | Aegean Sea |
| Country |
|
The length of the Maritsa Current is 490 km, the basin area is 53,846 km² [4] .
The river originates from the city of Dolna Banya in southern Bulgaria , in the eastern part of the Rila Mountains at an altitude of 2378 m, then flows through the wide plain - the Plovdiv Valley, breaks the chain of hills near Plovdiv , enters into the Greek-Turkish territory and at the same time into the very the fertile part of the valley formed along its course. Further, Maritsa flows towards Edirne along the eastern spurs of the Rhodope Mountains and then, near Enez, flows into the Aegean Sea , forming a swampy delta [4] [5] .
Tributaries of Maritsa: Sazliyka , Giopsu, Tundzha , Ergen (left), Krichima, Chepelar, Vycha , Ardas , Eritropotamos (right).
The food of the river is mostly rainy. In the summer, it becomes very shallow. The average water flow rate is about 200 m³ / s. [4] In the lower reaches of the Maritsa, floods are frequent due to heavy snowfalls or rains falling in the upper reaches. In particular, severe floods led to flooding of a number of settlements in Greece and Turkey in February-March and August 2005, in March 2006. Especially severe floods were noted in 2007-2008 [6] .
On September 26, 1371, a battle between Serbian and Ottoman forces took place at Maritsa in Western Thrace , ending with the victory of the latter (the battle of Maritsa or the battle of Chernomen ) [7] . Currently, the border between Greece and Turkey passes along the lower reaches of the Maritsa in accordance with the Lausanne peace treaty .
Starting from Edirne (Adrianople) Maritsa, although with difficulty, is still available for shipping. River waters are used for irrigation. A number of hydropower plants have been built. On the shores of Maritsa lie such cities as Pazardzhik , Plovdiv, Dimitrovgrad ( Bulgaria ), Edirne ( Turkey ) [4] [5] .
In honor of the river, the peak Maritsa on Livingston Island (Smolensk) of the Antarctic archipelago of South Shetland Islands is named [8] .
In the autobiographical song La Maritza by French singer of Bulgarian origin Sylvie Vartan, the river symbolizes childhood memories [9] .
Notes
- ↑ Maritsa // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / rev. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 218b.
- ↑ Greece. Reference card. Scale 1: 1 000 000 / Editor-in-chief Y. A. Topchiyan. - M .: Roskartografiya, 2001. - (Countries of the world. Europe). - 2000 copies.
- ↑ Hebrus // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885 .;
Aenus (i) // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - ↑ 1 2 3 4 Maritsa // Lombard - Mesitol. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1974. - P. 374. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 15).
- ↑ 1 2 Maritsa // Dictionary of modern geographical names / Rus. geo about . Mosk. Centre; Under the total. ed. Acad. V.M. Kotlyakova . Institute of Geography RAS . - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2006.
- ↑ TRANSBOUNDARY FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT: experience of the UNECE region . www.unece.org . Date of treatment January 17, 2019. // unece.org
- ↑ Battle of the Maritsa River - Article from Britannica Online Encyclopedia . www.britannica.com . Date of treatment January 17, 2019. // britannica.com
- ↑ SCAR Composite Gazetteer - Maritsa peak (inaccessible link) . data.aad.gov.au. Date of treatment January 17, 2019. Archived on September 22, 2017. // data.aad.gov.au
- ↑ Songs of France - Sylvie Vartan, The Maritsa, 1968 www.france-chanson.com . Date of treatment January 17, 2019.