Ignacio Agramonte y Loynas ( Spanish: Ignacio Agramonte y Loynáz ; December 23, 1841 , Puerto Principe (Camaguey) , Camaguey province , Cuba - May 11, 1873 Himaguayu , Camaguey province , Cuba , Cuba ) - Cuban revolutionary, one of the leaders of the liberation Cuba’s struggle in the Ten Years War .
| Ignacio Agramonte y Loinas | |
|---|---|
| Ignacio Agramonte y Loynáz | |
 | |
| Aliases | El major |
| Date of Birth | December 23, 1841 |
| Place of Birth | Puerto Principe (Camaguey) ( Camaguey Province, Cuba |
| Date of death | May 11, 1873 (31 years old) |
| A place of death | Himaguayu , Camaguey Province , Cuba |
| Citizenship |  Cuba |
| Occupation | lawyer, politician and military |
| Education | University of Havana |
| Father | Ignacio Francisco Guillerme Agramonte Sanchez Pereira |
| Mother | Maria Filomena Loynas y Caballero |
| Spouse | Amalia Simoni Agrilagos (since 1.8.1868) |
| Children | Ernesto's son and Ermin's daughter |
Content
- 1 Early years
- 2 The beginning of the anti-Spanish uprising
- 3 Military
- 4 memory
- 5 notes
- 6 References
The early years
Born in a Creole family of a hereditary lawyer and representative of an old wealthy family. Having received primary education in his homeland, at age 11 he was sent to Barcelona , where he studied at Isidoro Prats School, studying humanities and Latin. From 1855 he studied philosophy at the school of Jose Figueiras at the University of Barcelona , where he joined in 1856; the next year he returned to Cuba and studied at the University of Havana , studying civil and canon law. He graduated in 1867 , completing a doctorate.
He practiced as a justice of the peace in Guadeloupe in the vicinity of Havana.
On February 22, 1862, at an academic event in the monastery of Santo Domingo, he delivered a speech in which he repeatedly called the colonial government of Cuba the “Spanish regime” and declared the absence of freedoms, rights and justice, ultimately openly advocating the need to change Cuban society in a revolutionary way [ 1] .
The beginning of the anti-Spanish rebellion
After the uprising, led by Carlos Cespedes, on October 10, 1868, an uprising took place in Camaguey, November 4 . I. Agramonte, who from the very beginning participated in the conspiracy, actively joined in his move, and soon became one of the leaders [2] . Soon he showed his political views, advocating uncompromising in the fight against the Spaniards.
To overcome the differences (K. Cespedes advocated a centralized political and military command, and I. Agramonte - for democratic institutions) and develop unity between the rebels, he took an active part in the Guaymaro Assembly , which approved the first constitutional charter drawn up by I. Agramonte and Antonio Zambranoy . He actively advocated the complete and unconditional abolition of slavery and the implementation of bourgeois-democratic reforms. The first Cuban law on the abolition of slavery was drafted and signed by him (it entered into force in the territories controlled by the rebels).
On February 26, 1869, a centrist Assembly of Representatives was formed in Sibanic (Camaguey province), which was chaired by I. Agramonte. Later, members of the Assembly began to dominate the Guaymaro Assembly, seriously affecting the writing of the country's first Constitution.
Military activity
On April 26 , after the end of the work of the Guaymaro Assembly, he resigned from the House of Representatives and was appointed commander of military units in the province of Camaguey with the rank of Major General of the Liberation Army.
The beginning of his activity in this post was the organization of workshops and factories for the repair and manufacture of weapons for rebels.
He led the battle at Ceha de Altagracia on May 3 and the attack on Puerto Principe , and is participating in the battle for the Minas de Juan Rodríguez area under the command of the chief of staff of the rebel forces, Major General Thomas Jordan .
In April 1870, due to disagreements with C. Cespedes on methods of warfare, he resigned from the post of commander of the troops in Camaguey, although he continued to participate in battles. Along the way, he studied the experience of military operations, especially the use of cavalry by partisans.
At the beginning of 1871, C. Cespedes again proposed to him to head the military headquarters of Camaguey. On January 17, I. Agramonte took up his duties and soon a progressive improvement began to be observed in the hostilities, the rebel forces moved from defense to offensive. He was considered a talented military leader and one of the creators of the Cuban cavalry with a machete instead of sabers [3] . Being an excellent horseman and swordsman, with personal exactingness, courage and readiness for adversity, he was incredibly popular among the rebels- mambises . After a few months of hostilities, the province was almost completely under control, there was a moment when only four cities remained in the hands of the Spaniards: Puerto Principe, Florida, Nuevitas and Santa Cruz del Sur. The rest of the city and the entire countryside were in the hands of the rebels.
On October 7, 1871, he made one of the most striking acts - with a detachment of 35 horsemen, he attacked a detachment of 120 Spaniards who captured Colonel of the rebel army Julio Sangili. the Spaniards were defeated and fled, leaving 11 dead and leaving a captive colonel.
Gathering troops in Central Cuba and preparing an offensive on the province of Las Villas , he died in the battle of Himaguaia on May 11, 1873 , which was a severe blow to the entire rebel movement. The body was delivered by the Spaniards to Puerto Principe and burned there, and the ashes were scattered.
Memory
The airport and the central park of Camaguey, the school in Perico and the university in Camaguey are named after him.
Its statues are set in the central square and in the central park of Camaguey. At the University of Havana , his bust is installed.
In the house where he was born, a memorial museum is arranged.
Notes
- ↑ In memory of Ignacio Agramonte y Loinas
- ↑ Ignacio Agramonte
- ↑ IGNACIO AGRAMONTE LOYNAZ unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 16, 2017. Archived January 28, 2018.