Kraków Tram is a passenger tram system in the city of Krakow in Poland . It was opened in 1882 as a konka, since 1900 it gradually switched to electric traction. The tram network is the backbone of the city's transport network. Serves the infrastructure and orders transportation council of communal services and transport of the city of Krakow; It serves the rolling stock and carries out transportation of JSC “City Transport Enterprise” ( Polish MPK SA, Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Spółka Akcyjna ). Since 2008, the Kraków Express Tram has been part of the tram network; there are routes that run along both high-speed sections and regular tram tracks. In the city center, near the railway station, an underground section 1.4 km long was built to unload the surrounding streets and intersections.
| Tramwaje w Krakowie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Description | |
| A country | Poland |
| Location | Krakow |
| opening date | October 31, 1892 (Konka), March 16, 1900 (electric tram) |
| Operator | MPK Kraków SA |
| Website | |
| Route network | |
| Number of routes | 24 |
| Net length | 84 km double track |
| Rolling stock | |
| Number of wagons | 259 |
| The main types of PS | Konstal , MAN , Bombardier NGT6, Duwag |
| Technical details | |
| Track width | 1435 (from 1912 ) |
| Electrification | 600 = V |
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Modernity
- 3 Rolling stock
- 3.1 Rolling stock used in regular passenger traffic
- 4 Routes
- 4.1 Route List
- 5 notes
- 6 References
History
The first line of the rail horse tram in Krakow arose in 1882 , replacing the omnibus line that had been in operation for more than ten years. It was a narrow gauge line 900 mm wide, 2.8 km long, from the railway station to the Podgursky bridge. This line was at first single-track and had four routes. In 1896, the following line was built: The main market is Kraków Park with a length of 1,670 m. At the same time, due to an increase in transportation requirements, the first line was converted to a double track. Until 1925, left-hand traffic operated on all double-track lines in Krakow.
The electrification of Krakow trams began in 1901. The grand opening of the first electric line of the tram took place on March 16, 1901. The line was served by trams of the SW1 type produced by the Sanok Wagon and Car Factory (now Autosan ). On October 25, 1902, three successive lines were put into operation (No. 3 from Detla St. through Starovislnaya to the Main Market, No. 5 from Dlugey St. via the Main Market to Zvezhineckaya and No. 4 from the Market along Shevskaya Street through Podval to Yordan Park ). In January 1913 on a site from the street. Zvezhinetskoy through the street Dominican Republic, Main post office, Starovislunnaya street to the Third Bridge on the Vistula, the first broad-gauge line No. 6 (wagons also from Sanok, type SN1) with a gauge of 1435 mm was commissioned. At the time of the transition from left-hand traffic to right-hand traffic in 1925, there were three narrow-gauge lines and three wide-gauge lines in Krakow. Over the next decades, narrow gauge lines were gradually replaced by broad gauge lines, only in 1953 the last of them was eliminated.
In 1950, the Borka Falencki line was laid, on November 7, 1952, old Krakow and Novaya Huta were connected, and in 1954 a section was reached to Plashov, and then in Prokochim in 1965, a bypass road around the Plantes was completed and tram lines on the Main Market and on the streets were eliminated. Vistula, Slavkovskaya and Sennaya. The following years were distinguished by the development of the tram network in New Hut and Podguzh, the line through Prokochim to Bezhanov was also extended, among others, the second route was built through Lagevniki to Bork Falentsky. The last fully introduced line is the path used since 2000 in Kurdwanovo, which is also the first completed phase of the construction of the Krakow Light Rail.
In 2006, a new section of the track on Pavey Street was commissioned, and in September 2007 it was connected to a ring on Kamennaya Street.
On January 11, 2008, an underground section was commissioned under the central station and Lyubomirsky Street. In the tunnel with a length of 1420 m (with ramps - 1536 m) there are two underground stations, Dworzec Główny Tunel and Polytechnic .
In the coming years, it is planned to develop a tram network in the direction of residential areas: Lipsky, Ruczai, as well as through Olsha to Mistszewice.
The night tram service was liquidated in 1986, but since 2012 two night routes were re-introduced: 64 and 69.
Modernity
In 2012, the Krakow tram operates 90 kilometers of lines, of which 1.4 kilometers pass underground, about two hundred and seventy trains on twenty-four routes, three tram depots, and is the main passenger carrier in Krakow .
Rolling stock
Rolling stock used in regular passenger traffic
| Photo | Model | In operation with: | Description | Number of cars | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Konstal 105Na | 1979 | Produced in 1979-1992. Length 13.5 meters. They can operate according to the system of many units of up to five cars. In Krakow, they are mainly used in two- and three-car hitching; only a few wagons work alone. Currently actively replaced by new rolling stock. Several wagons converted to Konstal 105Nd motor trailers. | 165 | ||
| MAN GT6 | 1994 | Produced in 1962-1966 for German tram networks. They came to Krakow from Nuremberg in 1994-2004 as the best alternative to Polish-made cars. Until 2009, some of them went with B4 trailers. Currently, gradually withdrawn from the movement. | 13 | ||
| Bombardier NGT6 | 2000 | Issued specifically for Krakow by the Canadian concern Bombardier. Low-floor tram 26 meters long with 70% of the low floor area. | fifty | ||
| E1 | 2003 | Produced in 1966-1976 for Vienna . The first cars arrived in Krakow in November 2003 . Some of them go with trailers C3 1962-1966 years of release. The arrangement of seats in Viennese wagons was changed, the cabin was fenced off, ticket machines and an auto-informer string were installed. | 73 | ||
| MAN N8S-NF | 2006 | Issued in 1976-1977 as six-axle. In the 90s in Nuremberg were converted with the addition of a factory low-floor section. Since the trains were two-way, MPK Kraków purchased 10 cars in Nuremberg, of which the first three, received in 2006 , were put into service on the line on ul. Pavia, where at the time of the construction of the light rail there was no ring. Two more narrow-gauge M8S trains were purchased for parts in Essen . One of them was subsequently converted to a wide track and received the designation N8S, differs from the others in the high floor level in the middle section. | 12 | ||
| Düwag GT8S | 2009 | Produced in 1973-1975 for Dusseldorf . In 2009, MPK Kraków bought one trial train, and then bought another 21 trains. When transferring from Düsseldorf, all the wagons retained their old tail numbers, which were ideally suited for the Kraków numbering system. In the future, it is planned to modernize cars with a low floor device in the middle section. | 23 | ||
| EU8N | 2008 (2010) | In 2008, MPK Kraków purchased 25 E6 + C6 trains from Vienna , which previously operated on the U6 line . Since the trains are two-way, one of them is used in shuttle traffic when closing for repairs. The rest are refitted with the addition of a low-floor section, built on the basis of unnecessary C6 trailers, the interior was changed during modernization, air conditioning and light information systems were installed. The reconstruction was carried out on the basis of MPK Kraków. The upgraded trains received the EU8N designation, first entered the line on July 2, 2010 . | 25 | ||
| 2014N Krakowiak | 2015 | In 2014, MPK Kraków ordered 36 trains. In 2015, all trams entered the line. Thanks to their deliveries, it was possible to decommission Konstal 105Na [1] [2] | 36 | ||
| Total wagons - | 397 | ||||
| Of them low-floor - | 32% | ||||
Routes
Route List
| Route | Ultimate a | Ultimate b | Length (m) | One way average time | Number of stops | of them on request | Rolling stock | Type of pacing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cichy kącik | Muzeum Inżynierii Miejskiej | 4300 | 17 min | eleven | 2 | Museum cars | Tourist route, runs on Sundays and public holidays | |
| Salwator | Wzgórza krzesławickie | 13050 | 43 min | thirty | one | E1 + c3 | Normal | |
| Salwator | Cmentarz rakowicki | 5050 | 17-19 min | 12 | one | Düwag GT6 , Bombardier NGT6 | Normal | |
| Krowodrza górka | Nowy bieżanów | 14200 | 42-43 min | 28 | 0 | 2x Konstal 105Na , EU8N , Bombardier NGT6 | Normal | |
| Bronowice małe | Wzgórza krzesławickie | 17600 | 48-53 min | 32 | one | 3x Konstal 105Na , E1 + c3 | Normal | |
| Krowodrza górka | Wzgórza krzesławickie | 12850 | 36-35 min | 26 | 0 | N8S , EU8N | Normal (walks through the KST tunnel) | |
| Salwator | Kurdwanów | 10750 | 32 min | 22 | 0 | Bombardier NGT6 | Normal | |
| Bronowice małe | Borek fałęcki | 11600 | 41-40 min | 26 | 0 | Bombardier NGT6 | Normal | |
| Bieżanów Nowy | Mistrzejowice | 19100 | 55-59 min | 35 | 0 | Düwag GT8S , EU8N , N8S , E1 + c3 | Normal | |
| Łagiewniki | Os. Piastów | 14150 | 48-46 min | 27 | 0 | 2x Konstal 105Na , E1 + c3 , GT8S | Normal | |
| Łagiewniki | Mały Płaszów | 9100 | 28-26 min | eighteen | 0 | EU8N | Normal | |
| Bronowice małe | Bieżanów Nowy | 14600 | 47-48 min | thirty | 0 | 3x Konstal 105Na , Bombardier NGT6 | Normal | |
| Bronowice | Mistrzejowice | 15400 | 51-52 min | thirty | one | E1 + c3 , 2x Konstal 105Na | Normal | |
| Mistrzejowice | Walcownia | 9000 | 25-23 min | 16 | 2 | E1 , EU8N | Normal | |
| Ruczaj | Cichy kącik | 9075 | 29-32 min | 21 | 2 | GT8S | Normal | |
| Krowodrza górka | Borek fałęcki | 11060 | 35 min | 23 | one | 2x Konstal 105Na , GT8S | Normal | |
| Bronowice | Mały Płaszów | 10,000 | 30 minutes | twenty | 0 | Bombardier NGT6 , EU8N | Normal | |
| Os. Piastów | Pleszów | 11850 | 31-30 min | 19 | 6 | E1 | Normal | |
| Borek fałęcki | Walcownia | 18700 | 58-56 min | 36 | four | E1 + c3 , 2x Konstal 105Na | Normal | |
| Borek fałęcki | Bieżanów Nowy | 11350 | 35 min | 22 | 0 | GT6 | Normal | |
| Bronowice małe | Kurdwanów | 14000 | 45-47 min | 28 | 0 | 2x Konstal 105Na , GT8S | Normal | |
| Krowodrza górka | Kurdwanów | 13730 | 36 min | 23 | 0 | Bombardier NGT6 | Light Rail | |
| Dworzec towarowy | Bieżanów Nowy | 12250 | 34-37 min | 22 | 0 | Bombardier NGT6 | Light Rail | |
| Bronowice małe | Plac centralny | 13000 | 47 min | 26 | 0 | EU8N | Night | |
| Krowodrza górka | Nowy bieżanów | 13980 | 50 min | 28 | 0 | EU8N | Night |
Notes
- ↑ Wszystkie Krakowiaki dostarczone (Polish) . infotram.pl. Date of treatment February 25, 2019.
- ↑ MPK Kraków podsumowuje rok: Najdłuższe w Polsce tramwaje i przetargi na 100 autobusów (neopr.) . www.transport-publiczny.pl. Date of treatment February 25, 2019.