List 1 (chemical weapons)

OPCW List 1 - A list of chemical compounds contained in the annex to the Chemical Weapons Convention . In terms of the Convention, these are chemicals used as chemical weapons or used to make chemical weapons and without or having very few uses other than military.

They can be manufactured and used for research, medical and pharmaceutical purposes or to verify protection against chemical weapons, but production of more than 100 grams per year should be declared to the OPCW in accordance with Part VI of the “Verification Annex”. The state is limited to owning a maximum of one ton of these substances.

They are divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as chemical weapons and Part B, which are precursors in the production of chemical weapons. Examples of such compounds include sulfur mustard , organophosphorus neurotoxins, and substances used for their direct synthesis. Some of these substances have non-military uses, such as nitrogen mustards used to treat cancer.

Chemicals that can be used as chemical weapons, but having numerous peaceful uses, are listed in List 2 and List 3 of this convention.

Content

Explanations to List 1

To include a substance or its precursor in List 1, the following criteria must be considered ^[1] :

it was developed, produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon, as defined in Article II of the Convention;
it otherwise presents a high risk to the subject and purpose of the convention because it has great potential for use in activities prohibited by the convention, subject to one or more of the following conditions:
- its chemical structure is closely related to the structure of other toxic chemicals from Schedule 1, and it possesses or is likely to have comparable properties;
- it has such lethal or incapacitating toxicity, as well as such other properties that it can be used as a chemical weapon;
- it can be used as a precursor in the final unit technological stage of the production of the toxic chemical included in List 1, regardless of whether this stage takes place at facilities, in ammunition, or elsewhere;
it has little or no use at all not prohibited by this convention.

"Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)" in the descriptions means any of the combinations: dimethyl, methylethyl, methylpropyl, methylisopropyl, diethyl, ethylpropyl, ethylisopropyl, dipropyl, propylisopropyl, diisopropyl.

A: Toxic substances

Fluorophosphonates from List 1; here R1 = (cyclo) alkyls with

\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}}}

and R2 = Me , Et , i-Pr or n-Pr

Amidocyanophosphates from List 1; here R1 = (cyclo) alkyl with

\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}}}

and R2 / R3 = Me , Et , i-Pr or n-Pr

Thiophosphonates from List 1; here R1 = H or (cyclo) alkyl with

\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}}}

and R2 / R3 / R4 = Me , Et , i-Pr or n-Pr

(1) O-alkyl ( $\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}} ,$ ${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}},}$ including cycloalkyl) alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) fluorophosphonates, for example:

sarin : O-isopropylmethyl fluorophosphonate;

soman : O-pinacolylmethyl fluorophosphonate;

(2) O-alkyl ( $\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}} ,$ ${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}},}$ including cycloalkyl) N, N-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) -amidocyanophosphates, for example:

Herd : O-ethyl-N, N-dimethylamidocyanophosphate;

(3) O-alkyl (H or $\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}} ,$ ${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}},}$ including cycloalkyls) S-2-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) -aminoethylalkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) thiophosphonates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts, for example:

VX : O-ethyl-S-2-diisopropylaminoethylmethylthiophosphonate.

(4) Sulfur mustards :

2-chloroethylchloromethyl sulfide;

Mustard : bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide;

Bis (2-chloroethylthio) methane;

Sesquiiprith : 1,2-bis (2-chloroethylthio) ethane;

1,3-bis (2-chloroethylthio) -n- propane;

1,4-bis (2-chloroethylthio) -n- butane;

1,5-bis (2-chloroethylthio) -n- pentane;

bis (2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether;

Oxygen mustard : bis (2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether;

(5) Lewisites:

Lewisite 1: 2-chlorovinyl dichloroarsine;

Lewisite 2: bis (2-chlorovinyl) chlorarsin;

Lewisite 3: three (2-chlorovinyl) arsine;

(6) Nitrogen mustard gas :

HN1: bis (2-chloroethyl) ethylamine ;

HN2: bis (2-chloroethyl) methylamine ;

HN3: tri (2-chloroethyl) amine ;

(7) Saxitoxin ;

(8) Ricin .

B: Precursors

Alkylphosphonyl difluorides from List 1; here R1 = Me , Et , i-Pr or n-Pr

(9) Alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonyl difluorides, for example:

DF: Methylphosphonyl difluoride

(10) O-alkyl (H or $\mathrm {C\leqslant C_{10}} ,$ ${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {C \ leqslant C_ {10}},}$ including cycloalkyls) -O-2-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) -aminoethylalkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonites and the corresponding alkylated or protonated salts, for example:

QL : O-ethyl-O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite;

(11) Chlorosarin : O-isopropylmethylchlorophosphonate;

(12) Chlorosoman : O-pinacolylmethylchlorophosphonate.

Links

Notes

↑ A. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR CHEMICALS LISTS

[1] A. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR CHEMICALS LISTS