International Seabed Authority ( International Seabed Authority , French Autorité internationale des fonds marins ) is an intergovernmental organization established under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to organize and control the exploration and development of mineral resources of the international seabed area beyond national jurisdiction. The headquarters of MOMD is located in Kingston ( Jamaica ).
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Activities of the IOMD
- 3 Notes
- 4 References
- 5 Literature
History
The International Seabed Authority was created and began its work immediately after the entry into force of the 1994 Agreement on the Implementation of Part XI of the Convention on the Law of the Sea. The members of the IOMD are 159 countries and the European Union . The main bodies of the IOMD are the Assembly, composed of representatives of all members, and the Council elected by the Assembly, consisting of 36 members. The IOMD bodies meet annually for a two-week session, at which current issues of activity are discussed and the prepared documents are approved [1] .
IOMD Activities
Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the exploration and development of the resources of the Area is carried out by individual states acting in association with the IOMA. In addition, the right to carry out exploration and development of mineral resources on the seabed is granted to state enterprises of the parties to the Convention, as well as to individuals and legal entities under their jurisdiction and control, for which the parties to the Convention have vouched. According to the mechanism stipulated by the Convention, exploration and development of the mineral resources of the Area is carried out on the basis of the work plan (contract) approved by the Authority [2] .
In parallel, it is planned to carry out similar activities by the Enterprise carrying out these activities on behalf of the International Seabed Authority. To date, the company has not been created.
In 2000, the MOMD developed and approved the Rules for the Search and Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area [3] .
In 2001/02, the IOMD signed fifteen-year exploration contracts for polymetallic nodules with seven contractors, and in 2006 another was added to them.
The current contractors are Yuzhmorgeologiya ( Russian Federation ), Interokeanmetall Consortium ( Bulgaria , Cuba , Poland , Russian Federation, Slovakia and the Czech Republic ), Government of the Republic of Korea , China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association (COIMRO), Deep Ocean Resources Development Company (DORD) ( Japan ), French Marine Resources Research Institute (IFREMER), Government of India and German Federal Institute of Geological Sciences and Natural Resources.
All but one of the sections are located in the Pacific Ocean in the Clarion-Clipperton Fault zones to the south and southeast of the Hawaiian Islands . The site provided for the exploration of India is located in the center of the Indian Ocean .
In 2010, the MOMA approved the Rules for the Search and Exploration of Polymetallic Sulphides in the Area [4] . Applications from China and the Russian Federation for contracts for the exploration of these mineral resources are currently under consideration by the IOMA.
Notes
.
Links
Literature
- Yakovlev I.I. International Seabed Authority. M., "International Relations", 1986
- International maritime law. Tutorial. Ed. S. A. Gureeva. M., "Legal literature", 2003
- Bekyashev K. A. International public law. Chapter XVII. M., 2003
- International law, studies, under the editorship of Yu. M. Kolosova and V. I. Kuznetsova, M., “International Relations”, 2005.
- Glumov A. I. International legal regime for exploration and development of mineral resources of the international region of the seabed. Modern problems and solutions. M., 2008