("The Military Encyclopedia of Sytin ")
Hussar Regiment - the formation ( military unit [1] , regiment ) of light cavalry of the Russian Empire and the Russian Imperial Army .
History
In Russia, the hussar formations ( companies ) as the army of the "New (foreign) system" is mentioned in 1634 . By 1654 [2] these companies were deployed to the regiment under the command of Colonel H. Rylsky . In the spring of 1654, the hussar regiment of Rylsky triumphantly leaves Moscow , but after a year it disappears from the documents. Probably, he did not justify himself and were transferred to the ranks [3] .
Our great sovereign , against his state enemies, has many and uncountable armies, and there are different structures:
many thousands of spear companies are organized by the hussar system ;
many other thousands of spear companies are arranged by a hussar , horse, with fire fighting , a Reiters formation;
...That our great sovereign has a military structure.
- Description of the Russian army , given by Cosimo de Medici , in Florence , by the stolnik I.I. Chemodanov ( ambassador to Venice ), in 1656 .
[four]
In September 1660 , the Hussar companies were organized in the Novgorod rank by Prince Ivan Khovansky [5] . These companies showed themselves perfectly in the battles of the Russian-Polish war and in August 1661 were deployed to the regiment, which received from the Armory the “hussar poles” (spears) and armor [6] . Gordon’s diary speaks of three companies of hussars participating in the Kozhukhovsky campaign of 1694 . The last mention of the hussars of this organization was in 1701 , when the hussars were recruited to the Novgorod Dragoon Regiment .
It was said above that the Russian hussars, headed in 1654 by Colonel Christopher Rylsky, wore wings [7] . The Armory Chamber preserved Russian hussar armor of the XVII century. The Russian hussars could also be equipped with Reyta armor . So, for example, Prince Khovansky did in 1661 , when he did not manage to get the hussar armor . As the prince wrote: “360 lats have been taken to my regiment. Of this number, 91 armor was given to the hussar, according to need for a while, according to your (tsarist) decree, the hussar armor will be sent to me, and the remaining 269 armor will be given to the regiment of Colonel Davyd Zybin to the reytars ... And the hussar armor and shishaki will be sent to me in July regiment by On the 7th, there were no numbers, and you cannot be a hussar without armor and shishakov and without a bracelet ” [8] .
In April 1707, Peter I instructed the Serbian Colonel Apostol Kichich to form a hussar regiment from Voloshsky, Serbian and other South Slavic immigrants living in southern Russia (now Ukraine). As a result, the so-called Voloshsky Khorongv or the Hussar Voloshsky regiments were formed:
- Colonel Apostle Kichich;
- Colonel Vasily Tansky;
- Colonel Mikhail Brashevyan;
- Colonel Serbin.
Participated in the Northern War .
By the time of the Prut campaign in 1711, the number of Serbian, Voloshsky and Polish hussar regiments had increased to six. After the campaign, these regiments were reorganized into two hussar regiments. Later, 1,500 Voloshsky hussars were left in Russian service, of which three regiments were formed:
- Colonel Apostle Kichich;
- Colonel Vasily Tansky;
- Colonel Serbin.
They existed until 1721 , when they were disbanded, after the conclusion of the Nystadt Peace Treaty .
But in October 1723, Emperor Peter I ordered the Serbian Major Ivan Albanezov (Albanese) to form the Serbian Hussar Regiment , consisting of 316 people (285 privates ). It was not possible to recruit the regiment according to the state, and in 1726 the personnel were distributed among the suburban regiments , but the next year they gathered again, allocating land for settlement on the outskirts of Russia and commanding them to increase the staff to 1,000 people, taking the missing six hundred from the suburban regiments . September 3, 1728 the staff was reduced to 600 people, the number of Serbs should be replenished at the expense of young Cherkasy . In 1729, the regiment was settled on the territory between the prison of Thor and the Ukrainian line .
By 1733, the regiment had 197 personnel (130 privates), in connection with which regiment commander Ivan Stoyanov took active measures to recruit Serbs - in particular, in Austria .
In 1736 , in connection with the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war , the regiment was brought up to 1,160 people in 10 companies . In 1737 it was allowed, in addition to Little Russian Cossacks (Cherkasy), to admit to the regiment Hungarians, Wallachians, Transylvanians and Moldavians. By 1740, the regiment totaled 1,045 people. The Serbian Hussar Regiment took part in the assault on Ochakovo, the battles at the Prut River and Khotyn .
On October 14, 1741, by decree of Anna Leopoldovna, the composition of the four existing hussar regiments (Serbian, Hungarian , Moldavian and Georgian ) was brought to uniformity: 963 [9] people in 10 companies. Shelves are assigned the colors of their uniforms .
In 1764, two Pandurian regiments , together with the Novomirgorod garrison and the Serbian hussars, were reorganized into three settled horse regiments: the Black and Yellow Hussars and the Elisavetgrad Pikiner .
December 24, 1776 indicated the formation of nine hussar regiments on the territory of the Azov and Novorossiysk provinces to protect the southern borders of the empire, from the frame of the abolished cavalry units :
- Slavic ;
- Illyrian
- Serbian ;
- Bulgarian
- Dalmatian
- Voloshsky ;
- Moldavian ;
- Macedonian
- Hungarian
The Serbian Hussar Regiment in 1783 entered the formation of the Olviopol Hussar Regiment .
Later, the following hussar units remained in the Russian Imperial Army :
- Grodno Hussar Regiment
- Elisavetgrad hussar regiment
- Izyumsky hussar regiment
- Sumy Hussar Regiment
- Alexandria Hussar Regiment
- Akhtyr Hussar Regiment
- Irkutsk Hussar Regiment
- Mariupol Hussar Regiment
- Belarusian Hussar Regiment
- Luben Hussar Regiment
- Olviopol Hussar Regiment
- Pavlograd hussar regiment
- Chernihiv hussar regiment
In the guard of Russia , by the beginning of the 20th century , there were two guards hussar regiments :
- His Majesty's Life Guards
- Life Guards Grodno .
Gallery
Tashka in the Life Guards Hussars, sample from 1802 to 1825 .
The uniform of a serviceman of the 2nd Sumy Hussar Regiment , 1812, drawing by L. Kiel.
Pirate K.K. Headquarters officer of the Life Guards of the Hussars and Chief Officer of the Life Guards of the Grodno Hussars . 1858 year. [ten]
See also
- Ulan Regiment
- Dragoon Regiment
- Kh. F. Rylsky is the first commander of hussar units in Russia.
Notes
- ↑ The term Part , Military unit was previously used
- ↑ But for many hussar regiments the date of foundation is the seniority of the regiment, indicated on regimental signs in 1651 .
- ↑ Kurbatov O. A. From the history of military reforms in Russia in the 2nd half of the 17th century. Reorganization of the cavalry based on materials of the Novgorod rank of 1650s - 1660s / The dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences, M., 2002, p. 114
- ↑ A. Lopatin, “Moscow”, M., 1948, p. 57.
- ↑ Kurbatov O. A. From the history of military reforms in Russia in the 2nd half of the 17th century. Reorganization of the cavalry on materials of the Novgorod rank of 1650s - 1660s / The dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences, M., 2002, p. 116
- ↑ Kurbatov O. A. From the history of military reforms in Russia in the 2nd half of the 17th century. Reorganization of the cavalry on materials of the Novgorod rank of 1650s - 1660s / The dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences, M., 2002, p. 117
- ↑ Relation about the military campaign of His Tsar's Majesty Alexei Mikhailovich to Lithuania against the Polish King Jan Casimir, 1654 (Translation from Polish) // Old Vitebsk. T.4. Sep.2. Vitebsk, 1885. S. 347-352
- ↑ Babulin I. B. Hussar regiments in the Russian army of the 17th century // Reitar. 2004. No 12. P.31-36
- ↑ Other sources say 1,063.
- ↑ Fig. 306. The head officer of the Life Guards of the Hussars and the chief officer of the Life Guards of the Grodno Hussars. December 18, 1858 // Changes in the uniform and armament of the troops of the Russian Imperial Army from the accession to the throne of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander Nikolayevich (with additions): Compiled by the Highest Command / Comp. Alexander II (Emperor of Russia), ill. Balashov Petr Ivanovich and Pirate Karl Karlovich . - SPb. : Military Printing House, 1857-1881. - Up to 500 copies. - Notebooks 1–111: (With drawings No. 1–661). - 47 × 35 cm.
Literature
- Hussars // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.