List of Estonian rulers

Alempois

• Unknown

Harju

• Unknown

Järvamaa

• Unknown

Läänemaa

• Unknown

Saaremaa

• Ylle
• Culle
• Enu
• Muntelene
• Tappete
• Yalde
• Melete
• Cake

Sakala

• Lembitu (1211-1217)

Ugandi

• Unknown

Virumaa

• Kyriavanus
• Tabelinus

Grand Dukes of Kiev

• Yaroslav I (1030-1054)
• Izyaslav I (1054-1061)

Princes of Novgorod

• Yaroslav I (1030-1034)
• Vladimir Yaroslavich (1034-1052)
• Izyaslav I (1052-1054)
• vacant position (1054-1055)
• Mstislav Izyaslavich (1055-1061)

• Albrecht von Bucksgewden (1208-1211)
• Albrecht von Bucksgewden (1224–1228)

• Theodoric I (1211-1219)
• vacant position (1219-1220)
• Hermann von Bucksgeven (1220-1247)
• vacant position (1247-1251)
• unknown person (1251-1263)
• Alexander (1263-1268)
• Friedrich von Haseldorf (1268–1288)
• Bernhard I (1289-1299)
• Dietrich II (1303-1312)
• vacant position (1312-1313)
• Nikolaus (1313-1323) ( acting )
• Engelbert von Dolen (1323–1341)
• vacant position (1341–1342)
• Vescelus (1342–1344)
• vacant position (1344–1346)
• Johann I (1346–1373)
• Henry I (1373–1377)
• vacant position (1377–1379)
• Dietrich III (1379-1400)
• vacant position (1400-1400)
• Henry II (1400-1410)
• vacant position (1410-1411)
• Bernhard II Bulow (1411-1413)
• Dietrich IV (1413-1440)
• vacant position (1440-1442)
• Bartolomeus (1442-1459)
• Helmich von Mullencrodt (1459-1468)
• vacant position (1468-1468)
• Andres Péper (1468–1473)
• vacant position (1473-1473)
• Johann II (1473-1485)
• vacant position (1485-1485)
• Dietrich V (1485-1498)
• vacant position (1498-1499)
• Johann III (1499-1505)
• Gerhard Schruve (1505-1513)
• vacant position (1513-1514)
• Johann IV (1514-1514)
• Christian Bomhauer (1514-1518)
• vacant position (1518-1518)
• Johann V, Archbishop of Riga (1518-1527)
• vacant position (1527-1532)
• Johann VI (1532-1543)
• vacant position (1543-1544)
• Jost von der Reck (1544–1551)
• vacant position (1551-1554)
• Herman II Wesel (1554–1558)

• Gottfried (1228–1229)
• vacant position (1229-1234)
• Henry I (1234-1260)
• vacant position (1260-1262)
• Herman I (1262–1285?)
• vacant position (1285? - 1290?)
• Henry II (1290? - 1294)
• vacant position (1294-1297?)
• Conrad I (1297? - 1307?)
• vacant position (1307? - 1310)
• Hartung Harttungus (1310-1321)
• vacant position (1321-1322)
• Jacob (1322–1337)
• vacant position (1337–1338)
• Herman II (1338–1362)
• vacant position (1362–1363)
• Conrad II (1363–1374)
• Henry III (1374-1381)
• vacant position (1381-1385)
• Vinrich von Kniprode (1385-1419)
• vacant position (1419-1420)
• Caspar Schuvenflug (1420-1423)
• vacant position (1423-1423)
• Christian Kuband (1423-1432)
• vacant position (1432-1432)
• Johann I Schutte (1432-1438)
• vacant position (1438-1439)
• Ludolf Grove ( Acting ) (1439-1449)
• Ludolf Grove ( Acting in Saaremaa ); Johann II (in Läänemaa ) (1449-1449)
• Ludolf Grove (in Saaremaa ); Johann II (in Läänemaa ) (1449-1457)
• Ludolf Grove (1457-1458)
• vacant position (1458-1458)
• Johann Vatelkann ( Acting ) (1458-1463)
• Johann Vatatkann ( Acting ); Yedokus (bishop until 1460) (1463-1468)
• Yodokus (1468-1471)
• vacant position (1471-1471)
• Peter Wetberg (1471–1491)
• Johann III Orgas (1491-1515)
• Johann IV (1515-1527)
• vacant position (1527-1527)
• Georg von Tiesenhausen (1527-1530)
• vacant position (1530-1532)
• Reynold von Bucksgewden (1532-1541)
• Reynold von Bucksgeven (in Saaremaa ; Wilhelm ( Acting in Läänemaa ) (1532-1534)
• Reynold von Bucksgewden (1534-1541)
• vacant position (1541-1542)
• Johann V von Munchausen (1542-1559)
• Magnus of Livonia (1559-1572)
• vacant position (1572-1573)

Old Russian state

• Yaroslav I (1030-1054)
• Izyaslav I (1054-1061)

Russian state

• Ivan IV Vasilyevich, nicknamed Grozny (May 11, 1558-1581)
• Peter the Great (August 9, 1704 - January 28, 1725)
• Catherine I (January 28, 1725 - May 6, 1727)
• Peter II (May 7, 1727 - January 19, 1730)
• Anna Ivanovna (February 4, 1730 - October 17, 1740)
• Ivan VI (October 17, 1740 - November 25, 1741)
• Elizaveta Petrovna (November 25, 1741 - December 25, 1761)
• Peter III (December 25, 1761 - June 28, 1762)
• Catherine II the Great (June 28, 1762 - November 6, 1796)
• Paul I (November 6, 1796 - March 11, 1801)
• Alexander I (March 12, 1801 - November 19, 1825)
• Nicholas I (December 12, 1825 - February 18, 1855)
• Alexander II (February 18, 1855 - March 1, 1881)
• Alexander III (March 1, 1881 - October 20, 1894)
• Nicholas II (October 20, 1894 - March 2, 1917)
• Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich (November 18, 1918 - January 4, 1920)

Kingdom of Denmark

The rulers of Harju and Virumaa :

• Valdemar II (1219-1241)
• Eric IV (1241-1250)
• Abel (1250-1252)
• Christopher I (1252-1259)
• Eric V (1259–1286)
• Eric VI (1286–1320)
• Christopher II (1320-1326)
• Valdemar III (1326-1329)
• Christopher II (1329–1332)
• interregnum (1332–1340)
• Waldemar IV Atterdag (1340–1346)

Livonian Order

Landmasters of the Teutonic Order in Livonia :

• Hermann Balk (1237–1238)
• Dietrich von Grüningen (1238–1241)
• Andres von Velwen (1241-1244)
• Heinrich von Heimburg (1244-1245)
• Dietrich von Grüningen (1245–1247)
• Andres von Stirland (1247-1253)
• Eberhard von Schein (1253-1254)
• Anno von Zangershausen (1254-1257)
• Burchard von Horngausen (1257-1261)
• Georg von Eichstadt (1261- ...)
• Werner von Breithausen (1261-1263)
• Conrad von Mandern (1263-1266)
• Otto von Lutterberg (1266-1270)
• Andres von Westfalen (1271- ...)
• Walter von Nordeck (1271–1273)
• Ernst von Ratsburg (1273-1279)
• Gerhard von Katzelnbogen (1279-1280)
• Konrad von Feuchtwangen (1280–1282)
• Mangold von Sternberg (1282- ...)
• Wilhelm von Nirndorf (1282–1288)
• Conrad von Hatzigenstein (1288–1290)
• Galt von Goelbach (1290–1293)
• Heinrich von Dinkelae (1294–1295)
• Bruno (1296–1298)
• Gottfried von Rogge (1298-1305)
• Vennemar I (1305-1306)
• Gerhard von York (1307-1322)
• Konrad Kesselhut (1322-1324)
• Reimar Hahn (1324-1328)
• Eberhard von Monheim (1328–1340)
• Burhard von Dreiben (1340–1345)
• Gosvin von Gerick (1345-1359)
• Arnold von Witengof (1359–1364)
• Wilhelm von Friemersheim (1364–1385)
• Robin von Eltz (1385–1388)
• John von Ole (1388-1389)
• Vennemar von Bruggenay (1389-1401)
• Dietrich Tork (1413-1415)
• Siegfried Lander (1415-1424)
• Cisse von Rutenberg (1424-1433)
• Frank von Kersdorf (1433-1435)
• Heinrich von Bockenworde (1435-1437)
• Heinrich Wink (1438-1450)
• John von Mengeden (1450-1469)
• John Voltus (1470-1471)
• Bernhard von der Bork (1471-1483)
• John Freytag (1483-1494)
• Walter von Plettenberg (1494-1535)
• Hermann von Bruggenay (1535-1549)
• John von der Reck (1549–1551)
• Heinrich von Galen (1551–1557)
• Johann Wilhelm Fürstenberg (1557–1559)
• Gotthard Ketler (1559-1561)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland

In 1561, as a result of the Union of Vilnius , the southwestern part of modern Estonia became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . In 1566, his Livonian possessions were transformed into the Duchy of Zadvina . In 1569, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland formed the Commonwealth , and the Duchy of Zadvina became their joint possession ( condominium ). During the Polish-Swedish war of 1600-1629, part of the Duchy of the Duchy was occupied by the Swedes, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to admit the loss of these lands, which became known as Swedish Livonia .

The rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, who owned part of the modern territory of Estonia:

• Sigismund II Augustus (1561-1572)
• Heinrich Valois (1572-1573)
• Stephen Bathory (1576-1586)
• Sigismund III (1587-1632)

Swedish governors

• Lars Fleming (1561-1562)
• Klasson Horn (1562-1562)
• Svante Stür (1562-1564)
• Hermann Fleming (1564-1565)
• Klasson Horn (1565-1568)
• Gabrielle Ktrnstesson (1568-1570)
• Hans Bjornsson (1570-1572)
• Klas Tott (1572-1574)
• Pontus Delagardi (1574-1575)
• Karl Horn (1576-1578)
• Nielson Finn (1576-1577)
• Boyer (1577-1580)
• Svante Ericsson (1580-1581)
• Boyer (1582-1583)
• Pontus Delagardi (1583-1585)
• Gustav Gabrielson (1585-1588)
• Hans Wachtmeister (1588-1588)
• Gustav Axelsson (1588-1590)
• Eric Gabrielson (1590-1592)
• Boyer (1592-1600)
• Carl Horn (1600-1601)
• Moritz Stensson (1601-1602)
• Axel Nilsson (1605-1608)
• Gabrielle Bengtsson (1611-1617)
• Jacob Delagardi (1619-1622)
• Pierre Gustavsson (1622-1626)
• John Pontusson (1626-1628)
• Philip Shading (1628–1642)
• Gustav (Gabrielsson) Oxenshern (1642–1646)
• Eric Axelsson (1646-1653)
• Wilhelm Ulrich (1653–1655)
• Klasson Horn (1656–1674)
• Andres Torstensson (1674–1681)
• Robert Lichton (1681–1687)
• Axel Delagardi (1687-1704)
• Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach (1704–1706)
• Niels Stromberg (1706-1709)
• Karl Gustav Nyrot (1709-1710)

Russian governors

• Rudolph Felix Bauer (1710-1711)
• Menshikov Alexander Danilovich (1711-1719)
• Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1719-1728)
• Friedrich von Leuven (1728-1736)
• Sebastian von Manstein (1736-1738)
• Gustav Otto Douglas (1738-1740)
• Ulrich Voldemar (1740-1743)
• Peter Augus Friedrich (1743-1753)
• Dolgoruky Vladimir Petrovich (1753-1758)
• Peter Augus Friedrich (1758-1775)
• Brown Yuri Yuryevich (1775-1792)
• Georg Friedrich von Grotenilm (1783-1786)
• Heinrich von Wrangel (1786-1797)
• vacant position (1797-1808)
• Oldenburgsky Georgy Petrovich (1808-1809)
• Oldenburg August-Paul-Friedrich (1811-1816)
• Berend Baron (1816-1819)
• Wilhelm von Böninhhausen (1819-1832)
• Otto von Essen (1832-1833)
• Paul Friedrich von Benckendorf (1833-1841)
• John Christoph Engelbrecht (1842-1859)
• Wilhelm Ulrich (1859-1868)
• Galkin-Vraskoy Mikhail Nikolaevich (1868-1870)
• Shakhovskoy-Glebov-Sterzhnev Mikhail Valentinovich (1870-1875)
• Polivanov Victor Petrovich (1875-1885)
• Prince Sergey Vladimirovich (1885-1894)
• Skalon Evstafiy Nikolaevich (1894-1902)
• Bellegard Alexei Valeryanovich (1902-1905)
• Nicholas von Bunting (1905-1906)
• Bashilov Petr Petrovich (1906-1907)
• Korostovets Izmail Vladimirovich (1907-1915)
• Verevkin Petr Vladimirovich (1915-1917)

Russian Provisional Government

• Chairman Lvov Georgy Evgenievich (March 15 - July 21, 1917)
• Prime Minister Kerensky Alexander Fedorovich (July 21 - November 7, 1917)

Commissioner of the All-Russian Provisional Government in the Estland Province

• Poska, Ivan Ivanovich (March 1917 - October 27 (November 9) 1917)

German Empire

Hohenzollern Dynasty

• William II (October 1917 - November 9, 1918)

1917 Revolutionary Period

• Anvelt Jan Yanovich (November 5, 1917 - March 4, 1918)

Zemsky Council

• Otto Strandman (Chairman of the Provisional Zemstvo Council of the Estland Province) (November 15 (28), 1917)

Council of Elders

• (November 16 (29), 1917 - February 19, 1918)

Rescue Committee

• Yuri Wilms, Johan Cook, Konstantin Päts (members of the Zemsky Council) (February 19, 1918 - February 20, 1918)
• Yuri Wilms, Konstantin Konik, Konstantin Päts (members of the Zemsky Council) (February 20, 1918 - February 24, 1918)

Soviet republic of sailors and builders

• Petrichenko, Stepan Maksimovich (December 1917 - February 26, 1918)

Provisional All-Russian Government

• Head of Government - N. D. Avksentiev (November 4, 1918 - November 18, 1918)

Supreme Ruler of Russia

• Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich (November 18, 1918 - January 4, 1920)

Prime Minister of the Provisional Government (1918-1919)

• Konstantin Päts (February 24, 1918 - February 25, 1918 (at 2 a.m. Germans entered Tallinn))
• Konstantin Päts (November 27, 1918 - April 22, 1919)

Zemsky Council

• (November 20, 1918 - November 26, 1918)

Constituent Assembly

• August Ray Chairman (April 23, 1919 - December 20, 1920)

Prime Ministers (1919-1920)

• Otto Strandman (May 9 - November 18, 1919)
• Jaan Tynisson (November 18, 1919 - July 28, 1920)
• Ado Birk (July 28 - July 3, 1920)
• Jaan Tynisson (July 30 - October 26, 1920)
• Ants Piip (October 26 - December 20, 1920)

State Elders (1920-1934)

• Ants Piip (December 20, 1920 - January 25, 1921)
• Konstantin Päts (January 25, 1921 - November 21, 1922)
• Johan Cook (November 21, 1922 - August 2, 1923)
• Konstantin Päts (August 2, 1923 - March 26, 1924)
• Friedrich Akel (March 26, 1924 - December 16, 1924)
• Yuri Yaakson (December 16, 1924 - December 15, 1925)
• Jaan Teemant (December 15, 1925 - December 9, 1927)
• Jaan Tynisson (December 9, 1927 - December 4, 1928)
• August Rey (December 4, 1928 - July 9, 1929)
• Otto Strandman (July 9, 1929 - February 12, 1931)
• Konstantin Päts (February 12, 1931 - February 19, 1932)
• Jaan Teemant (February 19, 1932 - July 19, 1932)
• Kaarel Eenpalu (July 19, 1932 - November 1, 1932)
• Konstantin Päts (November 1, 1932 - May 18, 1933)
• Jaan Tynisson (May 18, 1933 - October 21, 1933)
• Konstantin Päts (October 21, 1933 - January 24, 1934)

Prime Ministers as Elders (1934-1937)

• Konstantin Päts (January 24, 1934 - September 3, 1937)

Regent President (1937-1938)

• Konstantin Päts (September 3, 1937 - April 24, 1938)

Presidents (1938-1940)

• Konstantin Päts (April 24, 1938 - June 21, 1940)
• Johannes Barbarus (June 21 - July 21, 1940)

Prime Ministers as President (1940–1992)

• Yuri Uluots (June 21, 1940 - January 9, 1945)
• August Rey (January 9, 1945 - March 29, 1963)
• Alexander Varma (March 30, 1963 - December 23, 1970)
• Tynis Kint (December 23, 1970 - March 1, 1990)
• Heinrich Mark (March 1, 1990 - September 15, 1992)

Prime Ministers (since 1944)

• Otto Tiif (September 18, 1944 - January 12, 1944)
• Johan Sikkar
• Alexander Varma
• Henry Mark
• Enno Penno

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Estonia (part of the USSR ) (1990-1991)

• Arnold Ruutel (May 8, 1990 - August 20, 1991)

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Estonia (1991-1992)

• Arnold Ruutel (August 20, 1991 - October 6, 1992)

Presidents (since 1992)

• Lennart Mary (October 6, 1992 - October 8, 2001)
• Arnold Rüütel (October 8, 2001 - October 9, 2006)
• Toomas Hendrik Ilves (October 9, 2006)

Baltic Duchy

• Pilar von Pilhau (November 9 - November 19, 1918)

Estland Labor Commune

• Anvelt Jan Yanovich (November 29, 1918 - June 5, 1919)

Estonian SSR

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Council (1940-1988)

• Johannes Barbarus (July 21, 1940 - November 29, 1946)
• Nigol Andresen (1946-1947)
• Eduard Pyall (1947-1950)
• August Mikhkelevich Jacobson (1950-1958)
• Johann Gansovich Eichfeld (1958-1961)
• Murisepp Alexey Alexandrovich (1961 - October 7, 1970)
• Alexander Yanovich Ansberg , (acting; 1970)
• Arthur Pavlovich Wader (December 22, 1970 - May 25, 1978)
• Yangolenko-Vannas, Meta Vilyamovna , (acting; 1978)
• Johannes Gustavovich Kabin (1978-1983)
• Arnold Ruutel (1983 - November 16, 1988)

Chairman of the Supreme Council (non-partisan)

• Arnold Rüütel (November 16, 1988 - May 8, 1990)

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