The Provisional Siberian Government (June - September 1918) is a provisional government body for the regions of Siberia and the Far East, where in the summer of 1918, as a result of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps , Soviet power was overthrown. It was formed in Omsk under the chairmanship of P.V. Vologodsky . On November 4, 1918, P.V. Vologodsky formed the All-Russian Council of Ministers on the basis of the ministries and central departments of the Provisional Siberian Government, the executive body of the Directory , the supreme authority of the Russian state , formed on September 23, 1918 at the State Meeting in Ufa.
| Provisional Siberian Government | |
|---|---|
 Government Flag [1] | |
| general information | |
| A country | Siberian republic |
| date of creation | June 30, 1918 |
| Date of Abolition | September 23, 1918 |
| Replaced by | Provisional All-Russian Government |
| Headquarters | Omsk |
| Responsible Ministers | A. N. Grishin-Almazov , Military Affairs Manager V. M. Krutovsky , Minister of the Interior |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers | P.V. Vologodsky |
Content
Creation History
In March 1918, as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in Siberia, the Chairman of the Provisional Siberian Government P. Ya. Derber, together with a group of members of his government, moved to Harbin , then in June to Vladivostok . Before leaving, an underground West Siberian Commissariat (KYC) of four people was formed for representation on the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks of Derber: M. Ya. Lindberg , B. D. Markov , P. Ya. Mikhailov and V. O. Sidorov [Comm 1] . All of them were members of the Social Revolutionary Party .
The uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps in the spring of 1918 marked the beginning of the transfer of power in Siberia to anti-Bolshevik forces. One after another, the forces of the White Army and the Czechoslovak Corps were engaged in the cities of Western and Eastern Siberia. June 6, 1918 was busy Omsk. In his first order, according to the newly formed Omsk commandant’s office [2], Colonel Ivanov-Rinov announces that “all power from now on belongs to me and the authorized representative of VR. Of the Siberian Government to A. A. Kuznetsov until the transfer of power to zemstvo and city public administrations. ”
The next natural step would be to facilitate the move of the Derber government from Vladivostok and transfer civil power to it. However, the political situation in June 1918 was very different from January 1918. The Derber government was Socialist-Revolutionary in its basic composition and in the distribution of the most important portfolios, that is, extremely left-wing according to the criteria of that time. Not everyone in the army wanted, just having expelled the Bolsheviks, to get the power of the Social Revolutionaries. In addition, new faces appeared with their own political ambitions. As a result, negotiations and consultations took place in Omsk all June, as a result of which on June 30, 1918, the creation of a new Council of Ministers was announced, which later became known as the Provisional Siberian Government (VSP). Its chairman was the Minister of Foreign Relations P.V. Vologodsky [3] . In addition to Vologodsky, the original Council of Ministers included Minister of the Interior V. M. Krutovsky , Minister of Native Affairs M. B. Shatilov , Minister of Finance I. A. Mikhailov and Minister of Justice G. B. Patushinsky. [four]
Assessing the events of June 1918, N. N. Golovin writes that “the change of power that took place in Omsk was a peacefully completed coup” [5] .
The Derber government did not want to recognize the outcome of this coup. On June 29, a meeting was held in Vladivostok at which it was announced that it would be renamed the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia. A few days later, governments in Omsk and Vladivostok indirectly exchanged mutually exclusive statements. First, on August 4, 1918, the Vologda government publishes a declaration that “from now on, no other authority besides the Provisional Siberian Government can act on the territory of Siberia or be obligated on its behalf” [6] . A few days later, on August 8, 1918, the Derber government already published the "Declaration of the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia", where it "brings to the attention of the friendly Russian powers, both allied and neutral, that June 29, N. Art. In 1918 it entered into the rights and obligations of the central state power of Siberia ” [7] .
In addition to the adoption of declarations, VPAS did not have other methods of struggle. Military power and support in Siberia was vested in the Vologda government. Derber himself shortly after the adoption of the declaration of the "Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia" resigned all his powers in the government and left Vladivostok. Socialist-Revolutionary I. A. Lavrov became his successor as chairman of the government. In October 1918, the organization self-dissolved, recognizing the power of the Provisional All-Russian Government .
Government Activities
The newly formed government began to struggle for recognition of its only legitimate government in Russia and the foundation of the future all-Russian government. On July 4, 1918, the Provisional Siberian Government adopted a declaration “On the State Independence of Siberia”, which stated:
taking into account that Russian statehood as such already does not exist ... The Provisional Siberian Government solemnly announces to the general public that now it, together with the Siberian Regional Duma, is responsible for the fate of Siberia ... and also declares that from now on no other authority ... can act on Siberian territory
On July 13, 1918, the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Siberian Government decided to determine, “on the basis of the principle of economic gravitation,” the temporary western border of Siberia along the rivers Pechora, Kama, Chusovaya, Ufa. It was envisaged that, in addition to the “territory that is part of Siberia” itself, the “care of the Siberian government” could be extended to “the territory that will either be temporarily occupied by occupation, or unite with Siberia on a contractual basis.” [8]
Due to the fact that on July 6, 1918, the Chelyabinsk group of the Czechoslovak-White Guard troops came into contact with the Samara-Zlatoust group, they came into contact with the territories controlled by the Provisional Siberian Government and KOMUCH . Under pressure from the Czechoslovakia on July 13, 1918, a “meeting on rails” took place in Chelyabinsk , in which I.A. Mikhailov , A.N. Grishin-Almazov and M.P. Golovachev participated from the Siberians, and I.M. Brushvit from the Samaritans, N.A. Galkin and M.A. Vedenyapin . Preliminary negotiations revealed such fundamental differences between the two sides on the relationship between the regions that only as a result of extraordinary diplomatic tricks the representatives of the Czechoslovak National Council and the French military mission managed to achieve the official opening of the meeting on the afternoon of July 15. The next day, negotiations were completed. As a result, it was decided to subordinate “on an operational basis” the troops of the Siberian Army and the People’s Army of KOMUCH to the command of the Czechoslovak Corps, and the Supreme Supply Council of the Allied Armies, headed by MN Pavlovsky, was formed to manage the supply. However, the main goal of the meeting - the creation of power that would unite the two main anti-Bolshevik regimes in the east of the country - was not achieved. [8]
July 24, V. M. Krutovsky went to Krasnoyarsk on official business and, in fact, withdrew from work in the Council of Ministers. On July 26, I. I. Serebrennikov arrived in Omsk from Irkutsk, which was liberated from the Bolsheviks, and the next day he took over as Minister of Supply. In late August, P.V. Vologodsky, who was not feeling well, received a two-month vacation. As a result of changes in the personnel of the Council of Ministers, G. K. Gins managed to carry out a regulation on the creation of the Administrative Council. Due to the fact that the majority of members of the Provisional Siberian Government went to Ufa in early September to participate in the work of the State Conference, this council, which began work on September 7, 1918, in fact, began to solve all matters formally related to the competence of the government, up to introducing government bills into the Siberian Regional Duma. For the short period of its sole control of Siberia (from September 3 to November 3, 1918), the Governing Body had a serious impact on the tightening of the course and "correction" of the political regime of the Siberian counter-revolution. [four]
The declaration on the transfer of power to the Provisional All-Russian Government was signed on November 3, 1918 in Omsk. The declaration was signed by: Chairman of the Council of Ministers P. Vologodsky, Minister of Supply I. Serebrennikov, Minister of Finance I. Mikhailov, Manager of the Council of Ministers G. Gins, Manager of the Information Bureau Mankevich [9] .
See also
- Provisional Government of Russia
- Provisional Siberian Government (Derbera)
- State meeting in Ufa
- Provisional All-Russian Government (“Ufa Directory”)
- Russian government (Kolchak)
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ Decoding of initials is unknown.
- Sources
- ↑ Flags and banners of Bolshevik state formations in the East of Russia (1918-1925) based on memoirs and historiography.
- ↑ Orders for the Omsk garrison of June 7, 1918 . Date of treatment February 10, 2012. Archived September 12, 2012.
- ↑ Diploma of the Provisional Siberian Government to members of the West Siberian Commissariat . Date of treatment February 10, 2012. Archived September 12, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Shishkin V.I. “Administrative Council of the Provisional Siberian Government (August 24 − November 4, 1918)” // Siberia in the Context of Russian and World History of the 17th – 21st Centuries: Interuniversity Collection of Scientific Works - Novosibirsk: Publishing House Novosibirsk State University , 2007.
- ↑ Golovin N. N. Part IV // Russian counter-revolution in 1917−1918. - Paris: Illustrated Russia, 1937. - T. 8. - S. 12.
- ↑ Declaration of the Provisional Siberian Government of July 4, 1918 . Date of treatment February 10, 2012. Archived September 12, 2012.
- ↑ Declaration of the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia of July 8, 1918 . Date of treatment February 10, 2012. Archived September 12, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Zhuravlev V.V. State meeting in Ufa: on the issue of the ways and nature of the consolidation of the anti-Bolshevik movement in eastern Russia in July-September 1918 // Siberia in the context of Russian and world history of the 17th – 21st centuries: an interuniversity collection Scientific Works - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of Novosibirsk State University, 2007.
- ↑ Declaration // "Baikal Life" - Verkhneudinsk, November 9, 1918. - No. 65. - S. 3.
Literature
- Gins G.K. Siberia, the Allies and Kolchak . - Beijing: Russian Spiritual Mission, 1921. - T. 1.
- Gins G.K. Siberia, the Allies and Kolchak . - Beijing: Russian Spiritual Mission, 1921. - T. 2. (unavailable link)
- Provisional Siberian Government (May 26 - November 3, 1918). Collection of documents and materials / Compiled and scientific editor V. I. Shishkin. - Novosibirsk: Sova Publishing House, 2007. - 818 p.
- Shishkin V. I. Journals of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Siberian Government as a historical source // Western Siberia: problems of history, historiography and source study. Materials of the district scientific conference dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of G.F. Miller (Nizhnevartovsk, March 24–26, 2005). - Nizhnevartovsk: Publishing house of the Nizhnevartovsk Pedagogical Institute, 2005. - S. 47−52.
- Shishkin V.I. Administrative Council of the Provisional Siberian Government (August 24 − November 4, 1918) // Siberia in the Context of Russian and World History of the 17th – 21st Centuries Bakhrushin Readings 2007 ": interuniversity collection of scientific papers - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of Novosibirsk State University, 2007. - P. 60−69.
- Shishkin V. I. "On such a path, it is difficult to come to a desirable agreement." Alash-Orda and the Provisional Siberian Government: the failed union (1918) // "Historical Archive". - M., 2009. - No. 1. - S. 100−136.
- Shishkin V. I. "... I have always led a conciliatory policy ...". The Provisional Siberian Government in the assessment of its Prime Minister P.V. Vologodsky // "Historical Archive". - M., 2009. - No. 6. - S. 43−112.
- Shishkin V.I. Provisional Siberian Government // Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia. - Novosibirsk, 2009. - T. 1. - S. 345−347.
- Shishkin V. I. Provincial (regional) commissars of the Provisional Siberian, Provisional All-Russian and Russian Governments, managing provinces and regions of the Russian government (June 1918−1919) // Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia. - Novosibirsk, 2009. - T. 3. - S. 676.
Links
- Shishkin V.I. Relations between Alash-Horde and the Provisional Siberian Government // Bulletin of the Ural Federal University. Series 2. Humanities. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing House Ural. Fed. University, 2011 .-- S. 110−123 .
- Zhuravlev V.V. Birth of the Provisional Siberian Government: From the History of Political Struggle in the Counter-Revolutionary Camp // Civil War in the East of Russia. Problems of History: Sat - Novosibirsk: Novosib. state Univ., 2001 .-- S. 26−47 . Archived October 17, 2007.
- Lukov E.V. Individual legislative acts of Siberian governments as a source for studying their political and socio-economic programs // Problems of the history of the Kuzbass: Materials of a scientific and practical conference. - Prokopyevsk, 2002 .-- S. 30−35 . Archived October 17, 2007.