Melanthripidae (lat.) Is a relatively large family of thrips . Phytophages feeding and living on flowers. Presumably pupate in the soil. All representatives have a 9-segmented antennae, the distal segments are separated from each other by explicit constrictions and covered with micro-bristles ( microtrichia ). The sensory organ ( sensoria ) is transverse or almost imperceptible, located on the third and fourth segments of the antennas. [one]
Melanthripidae | ||||||||||||
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| Melanthripidae Bagnall, 1913 |
Content
- 1 Distribution
- 2 Paleontology
- 3 Systematics
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Distribution
Everywhere. The genera Cranothrips and Dorythrips are present only in the Southern Hemisphere, and both are characterized by a disjunctive range. The genus Cranothrips includes 9 species described from Australia and one species from South Africa (Mound & Marullo, 1998), and the genus Dorythrips is represented by 2 species from Australia and 4 species from western South America (de Borbon, 2009) [2] . The genus Ankothrips is represented by 7 species from the west of North America (Hoddle et al., 2008) [3] , 4 species from Southern Europe and 1 species from South Africa. The genus Melanthrips is distributed mainly in the Palearctic and is particularly diverse in the Mediterranean countries. Additionally, this genus has been described from South Africa (2 species), India (2), and from the west of the USA (2) (Hoddle et al., 2008) [1] .
Paleontology
Representatives of the family, covered with pollen of gymnosperms, were found in Cretaceous Spanish amber. It is believed that they were pollinators of ginkgoids [4] .
Systematics
There are 4 modern genera and about 60 species (and 2 fossil genera) in the world fauna. In the Palearctic, there are 24 species (zur Strassen, 2003). [5] Previously included in the Aeolothripidae family. Some authors (Bhatti, 2006) [6] distinguish the Melanthripidae family as a separate superfamily of Melanthripoidea . The Melanthripidae family is one of the earliest branches in the evolution of the entire thrips order (Thysanoptera). Its members retain many signs in the ansestral state, including well-developed pairs of trichobotria on the 10th tergite of the abdomen, a transverse sensoria (sensoria) on the antenna segments and a well-developed head tentorium . Most of the species belong to the genus Melanthrips (36). [one]
- Ankothrips Crawford, 1909 - 12 Species, Europe (4), North America , Africa
- † Archankothrips
- Cranothrips Bagnall1915 [7] - 10 Species, Australia and South Africa [8]
- Dorythrips Hood, 1931 [9] - 5 species, Australia and South America
- † Eocranothrips
- † Gymnopollisthrips [4]
- Melanthrips Haliday, 1836 [10] (= Dichropterothrips Priesner, 1936 , Orthomelanothrips Melis, 1931 , Turkmenothrips Liskiewicz, 1961 ) - 36 species, Palearctic (18 species in Europe), South Africa , India , USA [11]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Melanthripidae . (English) (Retrieved February 14, 2012)
- ↑ de Borbon CM. 2009. A redefinition of Dorythrips (Thysanoptera: Melanthripidae) with a description of a new species from Argentina. Zootaxa 2121: 17-26.
- ↑ Hoddle MS, Mound LA & Paris DL 2008. Thrips of California. cd-rom issued by CBIT Publishing, Queensland.
- ↑ 1 2 Carmen Soriano, Paul Tafforeau, André Nel, Patricia Nel, Xavier Delclòs. Thrips pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms (English) // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 2012-05-29. - Vol. 109 , iss. 22 . - P. 8623–8628 . - ISSN 1091-6490 0027-8424, 1091-6490 . - DOI : 10.1073 / pnas.1120499109 .
- ↑ Family Melanthripidae Bagnall, 1913 . (English) (Retrieved February 14, 2012)
- ↑ Bhatti JS 2006. The classification of Terebrantia (Insecta) into families. Oriental Insects 40: 339-375.
- ↑ Bagnall RS (1915). Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (8) 15: 315–324
- ↑ Genus Cranothrips Bagnall, 1915 . (English) (Retrieved February 14, 2012)
- ↑ Hood JD (1931). A new genus and species of Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera) from Chile. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 26: 1-3
- ↑ Haliday AH (1836). An epitome of the British genera in the Order Thysanoptera with indications of a few of the species. Entomological Magazine. 3: 439–451
- ↑ Genus Melanthrips Haliday, 1836 . (English) (Retrieved February 14, 2012)
Literature
- Mound LA, Heming, BS & Palmer JM (1980). Phylogenetic relationships between the families of recent Thysanoptera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London. 69: 111–141
Links
- Fauriellidae (CSIRO) . (English) (Retrieved February 14, 2012)