Pawnee (traditional spelling), pooney , pony ( English Pawnee ) - one of the indigenous peoples of the United States , who lived in the past in the Platte , Loop and Replican rivers in modern Nebraska and Kansas . In 1818, the Pawnee tribe captured Hugh Glass and accepted into their tribe.
| Pawnee | |
|---|---|
| Abundance and area | |
| Total: 6800 [1] | |
 Oklahoma | |
| Tongue | english , pawnee |
| Religion | Christianity , Animism , Native American Church |
| Related peoples | Caddo , Arikara , Wichita |
| Ethnic groups | skidi, chowie, pitahauirat, kitkehahki |
Content
History
In the 18th century, they were allies of the French and played an important role in preventing Spanish expansion into the Great Plains . The Pawnee defeated the Spaniards in the battle of 1720 . The Pawnee was an alliance of four related Cad-speaking tribes: Kitkehahki , Chaui , Pitahauirat, and Skid . The first three tribes made up the Southern Pawnee group. The Pawnee called themselves “chahiksichahiks” - men from men [2] .
Until the end of the 19th century, Kitkehahki, Chaui, and Pitahauirat treated Skid almost like strangers. In the 18th century, bloody clashes took place between them and the Skid, and in 1864 the oldest Pawnee could name the names of many participants in those battles. The hostile mood between the Skid and the other three Pawnee tribes ceased around 1847.
By the time Americans came to their lands, they lived in the territory of the modern state of Nebraska . In 1874, the Pawnis were relocated to Native American territory .
Population
In the 19th century, the Pawnee were almost exterminated by the epidemics of smallpox and cholera introduced by the inhabitants of Europe . By 1900, their number was reduced to 600 people. In 2002, the Pawnee numbered 2,500 people. However, only four older people still knew the Pawnee language. In 2010, there were 3,210 registered members of the Pawnee people, of whom 1,725 lived in Oklahoma.
In art
The Pawnee Indians are presented as an aggressive tribe in Kevin Costner’s film “ Dancing with the Wolves ” and the novel “Sons of the Big Dipper” by Liselotta Welskopf-Heinrich .
In the movie "The Survivor, " the Pawnee is represented by the allies of Hugh Glass, and in James Fenimore Cooper 's novel "The Prairie," by the allies of Nathaniel Bumpo .
Literature
- Stukalin Yu. A good day for death. - "Geleos", 2005. - 384 p. - ISBN 5-8189-0323-0 .
Notes
- ↑ "Pocket Pictorial." Archived on April 6, 2010. Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 2010: 27.. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
- ↑ Pawnee Tribe (Eng.) , Access Genealogy (July 9, 2011). Date of treatment July 10, 2017.